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Table 1 Input parameters for the economic evaluation

From: Tiotropium's cost-effectiveness for the treatment of COPD: a cost-utility analysis under real-world conditions

Input variable

 

Base-case value

Range (95% CI)

 

Source

Costs (€)

     

   medication

     

tiotropium

real-worlda

427.71

426.25

429.17

Belgian database

 

theoretical

621.00

/

/

BCFI

salmeterol

real-worldb

225.46

223.00

227.92

Belgian database

   exacerbation

theoretical

52.72

41.34

64.48

result 1000 simulations

   exac.-rel. hosp.

 

5617

5555

5680

Belgian database

Utilities

     

   exac.-rel. hosp.

QALYgainedc

0.013

0.004

0.019

result 1000 simulations

at admission

 

-0.077

-0.58

0.79

O'Reilly et al.[9]

at discharge

 

0.58

-0.16

0.98

O'Reilly et al.[9]

LOS (days)

 

14.18

14.02

14.34

Belgian database

   exacerbation

QALYgainedc

0.003

0.001

0.005

result 1000 simulations

Events (average per patient)

     

   exacerbations

 

0.800

0.775

0.826

Belgian database and Roede et al.[6]

   exac.-rel. hosp.

 

0.141

0.137

0.144

Belgian database

Efficacy/effectiveness

     

   exacerbation

relative riskd

0.86

0.81

0.91

Tashkin et al.[8]

   exac.-rel. hosp.

relative riskd

0.94

0.82

1.07

Tashkin et al.[8]

  1. BCFI: Belgian Centre for Pharmacotherapeutic Information; LOS: length of stay; NIHDI: National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance; QALY: quality-adjusted life year
  2. a: based on the first year of tiotropium use
  3. b: based on the year before the first delivery of tiotropium
  4. c: average QALY gained per event avoided
  5. d: using the published 95%CI to define our distribution results in the following mean values in the model: 85.85% instead of 86% and 93.67% instead of 94%.