Table 17 Risk of lung cancer by use of mentholated cigarettes^a (adjusted for age, gender, race, smoking habits and other variables^b)

American Health Foundation 1 [68]

Ever/never used M (in current smokers)

1.06 (0.82-1.37)

0.78 (0.57-1.08)

0.94 (0.77-1.15)

Kaiser Permanente [51]

Usual brand M or not (in current smokers for 20+ years)

1.45 (1.03-2.02)

0.75 (0.51-1.11)

1.09 (0.85-1.41)

Los Angeles [69]

Ever/never used M (in ever smokers)

1.00 (0.68-1.48)

0.88 (0.50-1.57)

1.02 (0.66-1.58)

0.89 (0.53-1.47)

1.00 (0.72-1.40)

Slone Epidemiology Center study [53]

Ever/never used M (in ever smokers)

0.77 (0.55-1.08)

1.05 (0.72-1.55)

0.93 (0.69-1.24)

0.91 (0.52-1.59)

0.89 (0.69-1.14)

American Health Foundation 2 [83]

Currently prefers/does not prefer M (in current smokers)

0.92 (0.72-1.17)

0.66 (0.46-0.95)

0.76 (0.60-0.96)

1.09 (0.72-1.65)

0.83 (0.68-1.02)

German [84]

Ever/never used M (in ever smokers)

1.12 (0.68-1.83)^c

1.12 (0.68-1.83)

Lung Health [56]

Current brand M or not (in current smokers)

0.96 (0.70-1.32)

Houston [85]

Ever/never used M (in ever smokers)

0.81 (0.60-1.09)^c

0.81 (0.60-1.09)

(in current smokers)

0.69 (0.46-1.03)^c

0.69 (0.46-1.03)

(in former smokers)

0.99 (0.62-1.56)^c

0.99 (0.62-1.56)