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Figure 5 | BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Figure 5

From: Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Figure 5

Forest plot of ever smoking of any product and emphysema. Table 5 presents the results of a main meta-analysis for emphysema based on 28 relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates for ever smoking of any product (or cigarettes if any product not available). The individual study estimates are shown numerically and graphically on a logarithmic scale. The weights (inverse-variance) are also shown numerically, expressed as a percentage of the overall weight. The studies are sorted in order of sex within study reference (REF). In the graphical representation individual RRs are indicated by a solid square, with the area of the square proportional to the weight. Arrows indicate where the CI extends outside the range allocated. Also shown are the combined random-effects estimates. These are represented by a diamond of standard height, with the width indicating the 95% CI.

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