Amount smoked | Statisticb
| COPD | CB | Emphysema |
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Number of setsc
| Â | 42 | 57 | 11 |
About 5 cigs/dayd, g
| N | 40 | 53 | 9 |
 | F | 2.58 (2.39-2.78) | 2.04 (1.91-2.16) | 2.21 (1.88-2.59) |
 | R | 2.89 (2.41-3.45) | 2.32 (2.07-2.60) | 4.24 (1.88-9.55) |
 | H, PH
| 3.58, < 0.001 | 2.08, < 0.001 | 7.82, < 0.001 |
About 20 cigs/daye, g
| N | 23 | 33 | 6 |
 | F | 6.24 (5.79-6.73) | 3.64 (3.33-3.98) | 7.10 (4.83-10.44) |
 | R | 6.21 (4.72-8.17) | 4.43 (3.68-5.32) | 5.07 (2.04-12.61) |
 | H, PH
| 7.83, < 0.001 | 3.32, < 0.001 | 3.56, < 0.01 |
About 45 cigs/dayf, g
| N | 26 | 35 | 6 |
 | F | 9.83 (8.85-10.92) | 6.00 (5.48-6.57) | 12.39 (7.49-20.50) |
 | R | 9.50 (7.38-12.22) | 7.37 (5.86-9.28) | 7.19 (2.74-18.87) |
 | H, PH
| 3.28, < 0.001 | 4.66, < 0.001 | 2.23, < 0.05 |
Highest v lowest | N | 44 | 62 | 11 |
 | F | 2.22 (2.08-2.37) | 1.99 (1.87-2.12) | 1.41 (1.17-1.70) |
 | R | 2.32 (1.90-2.83) | 2.42 (2.10-2.79) | 2.73 (1.23-6.04) |
 | H, PH
| 6.02, < 0.001 | 3.65, < 0.001 | 7.50, < 0.001 |
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a Within each study, results are selected in the following order of preference, within each sex, for: smoking status-current, ever; unexposed group (where relevant)-never any product, never cigarettes; smoking product-cigarettes (ignoring other products), cigarettes only, any product; overlapping studies-principal, subsidiary; and then for single sex results in preference to combined sex results. Results adjusted for the most potential confounders are selected.
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b n = number of estimates combined, F = fixed-effect meta-analysis RR (95% CI), R = random-effects meta-analysis RR (95% CI), H = heterogeneity chisquared per degree of freedom, PH = probability value for heterogeneity expressed as p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.1 or NS (p ≥ 0.1).
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c Number of sets of RRs available for the key value analysis, where base for comparison is never smoked.
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d Category for which results are provided includes 5 cigs/day but does not include 20 cigs/day.
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e Category for which results are provided includes 20 cigs/day but does not include 5 or 45 cigs/day.
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f Category for which results are provided includes 45 cigs/day but does not include 20 cigs/day.
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g Base for comparison is never smoked.