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Table 11 Meta-analyses for amount smokeda

From: Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Amount smoked

Statisticb

COPD

CB

Emphysema

Number of setsc

 

42

57

11

About 5 cigs/dayd, g

N

40

53

9

 

F

2.58 (2.39-2.78)

2.04 (1.91-2.16)

2.21 (1.88-2.59)

 

R

2.89 (2.41-3.45)

2.32 (2.07-2.60)

4.24 (1.88-9.55)

 

H, PH

3.58, < 0.001

2.08, < 0.001

7.82, < 0.001

About 20 cigs/daye, g

N

23

33

6

 

F

6.24 (5.79-6.73)

3.64 (3.33-3.98)

7.10 (4.83-10.44)

 

R

6.21 (4.72-8.17)

4.43 (3.68-5.32)

5.07 (2.04-12.61)

 

H, PH

7.83, < 0.001

3.32, < 0.001

3.56, < 0.01

About 45 cigs/dayf, g

N

26

35

6

 

F

9.83 (8.85-10.92)

6.00 (5.48-6.57)

12.39 (7.49-20.50)

 

R

9.50 (7.38-12.22)

7.37 (5.86-9.28)

7.19 (2.74-18.87)

 

H, PH

3.28, < 0.001

4.66, < 0.001

2.23, < 0.05

Highest v lowest

N

44

62

11

 

F

2.22 (2.08-2.37)

1.99 (1.87-2.12)

1.41 (1.17-1.70)

 

R

2.32 (1.90-2.83)

2.42 (2.10-2.79)

2.73 (1.23-6.04)

 

H, PH

6.02, < 0.001

3.65, < 0.001

7.50, < 0.001

  1. a Within each study, results are selected in the following order of preference, within each sex, for: smoking status-current, ever; unexposed group (where relevant)-never any product, never cigarettes; smoking product-cigarettes (ignoring other products), cigarettes only, any product; overlapping studies-principal, subsidiary; and then for single sex results in preference to combined sex results. Results adjusted for the most potential confounders are selected.
  2. b n = number of estimates combined, F = fixed-effect meta-analysis RR (95% CI), R = random-effects meta-analysis RR (95% CI), H = heterogeneity chisquared per degree of freedom, PH = probability value for heterogeneity expressed as p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.1 or NS (p ≥ 0.1).
  3. c Number of sets of RRs available for the key value analysis, where base for comparison is never smoked.
  4. d Category for which results are provided includes 5 cigs/day but does not include 20 cigs/day.
  5. e Category for which results are provided includes 20 cigs/day but does not include 5 or 45 cigs/day.
  6. f Category for which results are provided includes 45 cigs/day but does not include 20 cigs/day.
  7. g Base for comparison is never smoked.