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Table 15 Meta-analyses for duration of quitting (vs. never smoked)a

From: Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Duration of quitting

Statisticb

COPD

CB

Number of setsc

 

10

11

About 12 yearsd, g

n

10

9

 

F

3.45 (2.96-4.01)

1.40 (1.21-2.62)

 

R

2.12 (1.06-4.26)

2.20 (1.33-3.65)

 

H, PH

12.74, < 0.001

8.04, < 0.001

About 7 yearse, g

n

3

5

 

F

8.15 (5.88-11.28)

1.83 (1.49-2.25)

 

R

4.94 (1.21-20.07)

2.36 (1.29-4.32)

 

H, PH

14.80, < 0.001

6.52, < 0.001

About 3 yearsf, g

n

3

7

 

F

3.58 (2.44-5.25)

2.16 (1.82-2.57)

 

R

4.08 (0.80-20.77)

2.42 (1.73-3.38)

 

H, PH

16.66, < 0.001

2.79, < 0.05

Shortest v longest

n

10

11

 

F

2.20 (1.76-2.76)

1.29 (1.06-1.56)

 

R

2.21 (1.24-3.94)

1.25 (0.99-1.59)

 

H, PH

4.88, < 0.001

1.29, NS

  1. a Within each study, results are selected in the following order of preference, within each sex, for: smoking status-current, ever; unexposed group (where relevant)-never any product, never cigarettes; smoking product-cigarettes (ignoring other products), cigarettes only, any product; overlapping studies-principal, subsidiary; and then for single sex results in preference to combined sex results. Results adjusted for the most potential confounders are selected.
  2. b n = number of estimates combined, F = fixed-effect meta-analysis RR (95% CI), R = random-effects meta-analysis RR (95% CI), H = heterogeneity chisquared per degree of freedom, PH = probability value for heterogeneity expressed as p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.1 or NS (p ≥ 0.1).
  3. c Number of sets of RRs available for the key value analysis, where base for comparison is never smoked. No data available for emphysema.
  4. d Category for which results are provided includes quit 12 years ago but does not include quit 7 years ago.
  5. e Category for which results are provided includes quit 7 years ago but does not include quit 3 or 12 years ago.
  6. f Category for which results are provided includes quit 3 years ago but does not include quit 7 years ago.
  7. g Base for comparison is never smoked.