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Table 3 Risk factors for death expressed as Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) including the co-variates age, time since recruitment, gender, smoking habits, COPD and heart disease.

From: Up-to-date on mortality in COPD - report from the OLIN COPD study

Variable

HR

95% CI

p-value

Age1

1.09

1.07-1.11

< 0.001

Time since recruitment1

1.03

0.95-1.12

0.504

Gender2

1.43

1.02-2.00

0.040

Ex-smoker3

1.29

0.87-1.92

0.203

Smoker3

2.01

1.27-3.19

0.003

Heart disease4

1.42

1.00-2.01

0.051

COPD4

1.77

1.26-2.49

0.001

  1. 1One unit change represents one year
  2. 2Reference group: female gender
  3. 3Reference group: non smoker
  4. 4Reference group: not reporting heart-disease respectively non-COPD
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