Efficacy of once-daily indacaterol 75 μg relative to alternative bronchodilators in COPD: A study level and a patient level network meta-analysis

Table 5 Results of network meta-analysis with adjustment for covariates; treatment effects versus placebo at 12 weeks

	Trough FEV₁L Difference (95%CrI)		SGRQ total score Difference¹(95%CrI)
	IPD	AD	IPD	AD
Tiotropium 18	0.13 (0.10; 0.17)	0.13 (0.12; 0.15)	−1.60 (−3.18;-0.05)	−2.99 (−6.48; 0.43)
Salmeterol 50	0.11 (0.07; 0.15)	0.11 (0.09; 0.13)	−3.32 (−5.27;-1.37)	−2.52 (−5.34; 0.44)
Formoterol 12	0.06 (0.03; 0.10)	0.06 (0.04; 0.09)	−2.63 (−4.25;-0.94)	−3.87 (−6.95; -1.16)
Indacaterol 75	0.13 (0.10; 0.16)	0.11 (0.08; 0.14)	−3.02 (−4.87;-1.22)	−4.26 (−7.83; -0.41)

1 = A decrease in SGRQ total score indicates an improvement in health-related quality of life; AD = aggregate data; CrI = 95 % Credibility Interval; FEV₁ = Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; IPD = Individual patient data; SGRQ = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; IPD covariates: baseline value of outcome; % current smokers; reversibility to short-acting β₂-agonists (SABA); reversibility to short-acting anticholinergic + covariate interactions with treatments. AD covariates: % current smokers; % severe or very severe COPD; % males; age.

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