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Table 1 Distribution of characteristics and univariate associations with case–control status

From: Endotoxin as a determinant of asthma and wheeze among rural dwelling children and adolescents: A case–control study

Characteristics

Cases n = 102%

Controls n = 208%

OR (95% CI)

>12 years (ref: ≤12 years)

35.3

38.0

0.89 (0.54-1.46)

Female (ref: male)

35.3

60.6

0.38 (0.23-0.60)*

A parent with more than high school education (re: ≤high school)

39.4

37.3

0.91 (0.56-1.49)

Personal history of an allergic condition (ref: No allergic history)

72.5

33.2

4.86 (2.83-8.35)*

Family history of asthma (ref: No family history)

21.6

7.2

3.19 (1.51-6.73)*

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (ref: No smoking in pregnancy)

20.6

9.1

2.64 (1.36-5.11)*

Used antibiotics in 1st year (ref: None in the 1st year)

56.9

37.0

2.07 (1.28-3.35)*

Early respiratory illness (ref: No early respiratory illness)

18.6

8.7

2.36 (1.09-5.11)*

Presence of mold or dampness in the home (ref: none)

55.8

57.8

1.09 (0.67-1.76)

Home air filter present (ref: No air filter)

10.8

3.8

3.13 (1.14-8.62)*

Home humidifier present (ref: No humidifier)

30.4

21.6

1.52 (0.85-2.63) †

Indoor burning sources present (ref: No indoor burning)

32.4

41.3

0.58 (0.34-1.01) †

Currently with a pet (ref: No current pet)

77.5

70.2

1.32 (0.74-2.37)

Any pesticide exposure (ref: No pesticide exposure)

62.7

75.5

0.52 (0.29-0.90)*

Haying in the past year (ref: Did not hay in past year)

29.4

17.8

2.01 (1.10-3.65)*

Mowed or raked in the past year (ref: Did not mow/rake in past year)

83.3

72.6

2.00 (1.08-3.72)*

Ever lived on a farm or visited a farm regularly (ref: Did not live on a farm or visit a farm regularly)

60.8

66.8

0.79 (0.47-1.33)

Smooth floors in the bed room in the first year (ref: No smooth floors in first year)

5.9

13.9

0.25 (0.07-0.88)*

Season of testing

   

Spring (Reference)

66.7

48.1

1.00

Fall

22.5

22.6

0.79 (0.41-1.53)

Winter

10.8

29.3

0.28 (0.13-0.57)*

High tobacco smoke exposure (ref: low exposure)

48.0

51.0

0.99 (0.64-1.54)

  1. Statistical comparisons were carried out by logistic regression using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering within families; OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.
  2. * p < 0.05; † p < 0.10.
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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