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Table 6 Multivariate analyses of EQ-5D-3L ® utility score (3-month observational period)

From: The association between asthma control, health care costs, and quality of life in France and Spain

Country

 

France

Spain

EQ-5D-3L® 3L utility score

Estimated Value

CI 95%

Estimated Value

CI 95%

Level of control measured with GINA

Partially controlled (vs. controlled)

−0.093*

[-0.128 ; -0.058]

−0.042*

[-0.068 ; -0.017]

Uncontrolled (vs. controlled)

−0.220*

[-0.263 ; -0.177]

−0.158*

[-0.186 ; -0.129]

Gender

Men vs. women

0.056*

[0.019 ; 0.081]

0.052*

[0.032 ; 0.072]

Age

45-64 years (vs. ≥ 18-44years)

−0.071*

[-0.105 ; -0.036]

−0.101*

[-0.123 ; -0.078]

≥ 65 years (vs. ≥ 18-44years)

−0.131*

[-0.171 ; -0.091]

−0.175*

[-0.202 ; -0.148]

Presence of exacerbation

Yes (vs. None)

−0.011

[-0.044 ; 0.024]

−0.005

[-0.028 ; 0.017]

Patient with at least one co-morbidity

Yes (vs. None)

−0.019

[-0.053 ; 0.014]

−0.028*

[-0.051 ; -0.004]

Controller treatment

Yes (vs. None)

−0.025

[-0.056 ; 0.006]

0.009

[-0.012 ; 0.032]

Patient followed by a lung specialist

Yes (vs. None)

−0.016

[-0.046 ; 0.015]

−0.037*

[-0.059 ; -0.014]

VAS Score

 

Estimated Value

CI 95%

Estimated Value

CI 95%

Level of control measured with GINA

Partially controlled (vs. controlled)

−5.777*

[-8.331 ; -3.223]

−2.762*

[-4.850 ; -0.675]

Uncontrolled (vs. controlled)

−16.758*

[-19.959 ; -13.556]

−13.255*

[-15.609 ; -10.901]

Gender

Men vs. women

3.456*

[1.198 ; 5.714]

2.232*

[0.577 ; 3.887]

Age

45-64 years(vs. ≥ 18-44years)

−5.966*

[-8.480 ; -3.453]

−8.492*

[-10.359 ; -6.625]

≥ 65 years (vs. ≥ 18-44years)

−11.179*

[-14.140 ; -8.218]

−12.258*

[-14.507 ; -10.008]

Presence of exacerbation

Yes (vs. None)

−2.542*

[-5.077 ; -0.007]

−2.967*

[-4.872 ; -1.063]

Patient with at least one co-morbidity

Yes (vs. None)

−3.283*

[-5.735 ; -0.831]

0.092

[-1.842 ; 2.027]

Controller treatment

Yes (vs. None)

−0.749

[-3.037 ; 1.539]

1.788

[-0.064 ; 3.642]

Patient followed by a lung specialist

Yes (vs. None)

−1.721

[-3.955 ; 0.513]

−3.085*

[-4.981 ; -1.188]

  1. * p<0.05.