Oral intake of phenylbutyrate with or without vitamin D3upregulates the cathelicidin LL-37 in human macrophages: a dose finding study for treatment of tuberculosis

Table 2 Expression of LL-37 peptide in monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy adults before and after supplementation

		LL-37 level in ICF (ng/million cells)
		Day-0	Day-4	Day-8
Group-I	MDM	0.52 ± 0.06	0.72 ± 0.28	0.68 ± 0.19
Group-II	MDM	0.33 ± 0.02	1.22 ± 0.49^{a 1}	0.36 ± 0.05
Group-III	MDM	0.28 ± 0.00	0.27 ± 0.02	0.27 ± 0.02
Group-IV	MDM	0.15 ± 0.02	0.13 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.02
Group-V	MDM	0.21 ± 0.08	0.20 ± 0.05	0.23 ± 0.09

Note: Group-I: 250 mg PB b.d. + 5000 IU vitamin D₃ o.d.; Group-II: 500 mg PB b.d. + 5000 IU vitamin D₃ o.d.; Group-III: 1000 mg PB b.d. + 5000 IU vitamin D₃ o.d.; Group-IV: 500 mg PB b.d.; Group-V: 5000 IU vitamin D₃ o.d. Data expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method was used for statistical analysis. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on Ranks was performed when the data was not normally distributed; analysis of Co-variance was performed when significant difference was found at entry level. Differences are significant, when p < 0.05. Difference between, ^aday-4 and day-0 within Group-II (p = 0.02); ¹Group-II and -III within day-4 (p = 0.034). ICF, Intracellular fluid; PB, Phenylbutyrate; MDM, Monocyte-derived macrophages; b.d., Twice daily; o.d., Once daily.

ISSN: 1471-2466