The health economic impact of disease management programs for COPD: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Study-, patient- and intervention characteristics

	Study characteristics							Patient characteristics										Intervention characteristics
	Country^a	Follow-up (months)	Study design^b	Sample size at baseline^c		No of patients who completed study^c		Mean age		Sex (% male)		FEV1% predicted		% with a history of ≥ 1 exacerbation in year prior to study		Smoking status (% smokers)		Interventions categories according to CCM components*					Professions involved in delivering of the DM program**
	Country^a	Follow-up (months)	Study design^b	I	C	I	C	I	C	I	C	I	C	I	C	I	C	SMS	DEC	DSD	CIS	Total	RS	RN	GP	PHY	DIE	PHA	SW	Total
[36]	NL	12	Pre-post	317	NA	222	NA	61	NA	56	NA	56	NA	NS	NS	40	NA	✓	✓	✓	✓	4	✓	✓	✓					3
[31]	NL	24	RCT	102	97	77	81	66	67	71	71	49	51	1.2	1.0	33	24	✓	✓	✓		3	✓	✓		✓	✓			4
[37]	FR	12	RCT	23	22	20	18	65	61	90	78	56	54	NS	NS	25	28	✓				1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
[39]	USA	12	Case-control	94	47	NA	NA	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	✓	✓	✓		3	✓	✓	✓					3
[28]	NOR	12	RCT	31	31	26	27	57	58	48	52	52	55	NS	NS	39	39	✓	✓			2	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓		5
[38]	CAN	12	RCT	96	95	86	79	70	69	52	59	45	46	NS	NS	25	26	✓	✓	✓		3	✓	✓	✓					3
[29]	NL	12	RCT	127	121	122	114	65	65	85	84	56	58	1.4	1.3	28	26	✓				1	✓			✓				2
[30]	UK	24	RCT	61	61	55	49	70	70	49	49	43	49	100^e	100	30	20	✓		✓		2		✓	✓					2
[34]	USA	12	RCT	372	371	336	323	69	71	98	98	36	38	100	100	22	23	✓	✓	✓		3	✓	✓		✓				3
[32]	NZ	12	Case-control	16	16	NA	NA	70	75	63	56	26	NS^d	100	100	13	19	✓		✓		2	✓	✓	✓				✓	4
[33]	USA	12	Pre-post	524	NA	349	NA	64	NA	51	NA	NS	NA	NS	NA	NS	NA	✓	✓	✓		3	✓	✓	✓					3
Total (%)																		100	64	73	9		90	90	70	40	10	10	10

^a NL Netherlands, FR France, USA United States of America, NOR Norway, CAN Canada, UK United Kingdom, NZ New Zealand, ^b RCT Randomized Control Trial, ^c I Intervention, C comparison, ^d FEV ₁ Control group 0.72 ± 0.22L, ^e in the last 4 years; NS Not stated, NA Not applicable, *SMS Self-management support, DEC Decision support, DSD Delivery system design, CIS Clinical information system, **RS Respiratory/chest specialist, RN Respiratory nurse, GP General practitioner, PHY Physiotherapist, DIE Dietician, PHA Pharmacist, SW Social worker.

ISSN: 1471-2466