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Table 1 Risk factors for low HRQoL (AQ20 summary score ≥14) based on univariate and backwards-stepwise multivariate regression analysis

From: Co-morbidities are the key nominators of the health related quality of life in mild and moderate COPD

Patient characteristics

N of patients analyzed

% patients with poor HRQoL

Crude OR

95%CI

P-value

Adjusted OR

95%CI

P-value

Gender

        

  Male

422

10.8

1.00

     

  Female

225

15.4

1.51

0.97-2.35

NS

2.11

1.27-3.51

0.004

Age at recruitment

        

  <60 years

215

13.5

1.00

     

  61–68 years

274

14.2

1.06

0.64-1.79

NS

   

  >69 years

250

9.6

0.68

0.38-1.21

NS

   

FEV1 baseline % of predicted

        

  >80

95

9.5

1.00

     

  65–80

185

4.9

0.50

0.17-1.43

NS

0.54

0.18-1.63

0.27

  40–64

323

13.3

1.47

0.63-3.43

NS

2.48

0.99-5.95

0.05

  <40

136

22.9

2.84

1.19-6.79

0.02

5.17

2.03-13.17

0.001

Smoking cessation succeed

        

  Yes

358

11.2

1.00

     

  No

281

14.2

1.32

0.83-2.11

NS

   

BMI units

        

  <19

33

34.3

-

-

-

   

  19–25

251

4.5

1.00

     

  >25-30

275

37.6

0.64

0.37-1.07

NS

   

  >30

173

23.6

0.95

0.54-1.64

NS

   

Diabetes

        

  No

628

11.9

1.00

     

  Yes

111

15.3

1.33

0.75-2.36

NS

   

Cardiovascular Disease1

        

  No

532

13.3

1.00

     

  Yes

207

10.1

0.73

0.44-1.23

NS

   

Hypertension

        

  No

439

12.3

1.00

     

  Yes

300

12.7

1.03

0.66-1.61

NS

   

Atrial Fibrillation

     

-2

  

  No

474

14.1

1.00

     

  Yes

31

29.0

2.49

1.10-5.63

0.03

   

Diffusing capacity

        

  Normal

221

11.8

1.00

     

  Mild/moderately decrease

89

11.2

0.95

0.44-2.06

NS

   

  Severe decrease

103

16.5

1.48

0.77-2.87

NS

   

Cancer

        

  No

695

12.4

1.00

     

  Yes

44

13.6

1.12

0.46-2.72

NS

   

Psychiatric conditions

        

  No

493

9.9

1.00

     

  Yes

240

17.1

1.87

1.19-2.92

0.006

1.99

1.21-3.29

0.007

Alcohol abuse

        

  No

629

10.5

1.00

     

  Yes

110

23.6

2.64

1.59-4.39

<0.001

3.02

1.65-5.51

0.001

  1. Odd Ratios with P values ≤0.05 are shown in bold.
  2. 1coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral artery disease, 2due to small number of tested patients not included to the multivariate analysis.