Table 1 Characteristics of patients hospitalized with pneumonia by Streptococcus pneumoniae by blood culture result
From: Pneumococcal pneumonia: differences according to blood culture results
| Characteristics | Blood culture positive (N = 399) | Blood culture negative (N = 492) | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 63.6 (18.5) | 65.2 (17) | 0.2 |
| Age ≥65 years | 225 (56.4) | 290 (58.9) | 0.4 |
| Age >75 years | 130 (32.6) | 167 (33.9) | 0.7 |
| Women | 131 (32.8) | 210 (42.7) | 0.003 |
| Underlying diseases | |||
| Cancer | 27 (6.8) | 17 (3.5) | 0.2 |
| Liver disease | 18 (4.5) | 12 (2.4) | 0.1 |
| Congestive heart failure | 54 (13.5) | 43 (8.7) | 0.02 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 22 (5.5) | 32 (6.5) | 0.5 |
| Renal disease | 27 (6.8) | 24 (4.9) | 0.2 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 74 (18.6) | 116 (23.6) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 60 (15.1) | 97 (19.8) | 0.07 |
| Number of comorbid conditions | 0.96 | ||
| 0 | 203 (50.9) | 253 (51.4) | |
| 1 | 130 (32.6) | 156 (31.7) | |
| ≥2 | 66 (16.5) | 83 (16.9) | |
| Nursing home resident | 13 (3.3) | 20 (4.1) | 0.5 |
| Smoking | 0.06 | ||
| No | 130 (43.5) | 225 (47.8) | |
| Yes | 86 (28.8) | 100 (21.2) | |
| Ex-smoker | 83 (27.8) | 146 (31) | |
| Alcoholism | 58 (15.3) | 44 (9.4) | 0.008 |
| Influenza vaccine in the last year | 93 (26.4) | 149 (30.9) | 0.2 |
| Pneumococcal vaccine in the last 5 years | 14 (3.8) | 121 (25.5) | <0.0001 |
| Findings on physical examination on admission | |||
| Altered mental status | 39 (9.8) | 49 (10) | 0.9 |
| Pulse ≥ 125/min | 62 (15.6) | 62 (12.6) | 0.2 |
| Respiratory rate ≥ 30/min | 98 (24.8) | 96 (19.5) | 0.06 |
| Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg | 30 (7.5) | 42 (8.5) | 0.6 |
| Temperature < 35°C or ≥ 40°C | 7 (1.8) | 4 (0.8) | 0.2 |
| Laboratory findings on admission | |||
| Blood urea nitrogen > 30 mg/dL | 192 (48.1) | 163 (33.1) | <0.0001 |
| Glucose ≥ 250 mg/dL | 39 (9.8) | 38 (7.7) | 0.3 |
| Hematocrit < 30% | 10 (2.5) | 23 (4.7) | 0.1 |
| Sodium < 130 mmol/L | 33 (8.3) | 22 (4.5) | 0.02 |
| PaO2 < 60 mmHg | 188 (47.1) | 209 (42.5) | 0.2 |
| Arterial pH < 7.35 | 31 (7.8) | 24 (4.9) | 0.07 |
| Radiological findings on admission | |||
| Bilateral or multilobe radiological involvement | 142 (35.7) | 122 (24.8) | 0.0004 |
| Pleural effusion | 65 (16.3) | 43 (8.7) | 0.0006 |
| Severity of illness on admission | |||
| CURB65 score* | 0.07 | ||
| 0,1 | 145 (36.3) | 215 (43.7) | |
| 2 | 159 (39.9) | 167 (33.9) | |
| >2 | 95 (23.8) | 110 (22.4) |
