Pneumococcal pneumonia: differences according to blood culture results

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 3 In-hospital course and outcomes of patients hospitalized with pneumonia by Streptococcus pneumoniae by blood culture result

In-hospital evolution and outcomes	Positive blood culture (N = 399)	Negative blood culture (N = 492)	Pvalue	Odds ratio (95% CI)
In-hospital course
Admission to intensive care unit	92 (23.1)	101 (20.5)	0.4	1.2 (0.8 – 1.6)
Need for mechanical ventilation	42 (10.5)	27 (5.5)	0.005	2 (1.2 – 3.4)
Septic shock^*	53 (14.9)	33 (6.7)	0.0001	2.4 (1.5 – 3.8)
Treatment failure	72 (18.2)	59 (12.1)	0.01	1.6 (1.1 – 2.3)
Severe sepsis	185 (46.4)	203 (41.3)	0.1	1.2 (0.9 – 1.6)
Outcomes
In-hospital mortality	35 (8.8)	22 (4.5)	0.009	2.1 (1.2 – 3.6)
15-day mortality	33 (8.3)	14 (2.9)	0.0003	3.1 (1.6 – 5.8)
30-day mortality	37 (9.3)	18 (3.7)	0.0005	2.7 (1.5 – 4.8)
30-day readmission	10 (3.3)	27 (5.6)	0.1	0.6 (0.3 – 1.2)
Length of hospital stay (days)^†
Mean (SD)	10 (13.7)	7 (5.5)	0.02	1.2 (1.04 – 1.3)^║
Median (IRQ)	6 (4 – 10)	6 (4 – 8)	0.02
>3 days	295 (81)	373 (79.4)	0.5	1.1 (0.8 – 1.6)

SD, standard deviation; CI, Confidence interval; IRQ, Interquartile range.
Data are given as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. Percentages exclude patients with missing data. Treatment failure is defined in the text.
^*Septic shock is defined as arterial systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg and the need for vasopressors for a minimum of 4 hours.
^†Deaths are excluded.
^║For the comparison of length of hospital stay as a continuous variable, the general linear model was used, and due to the skewed distribution of length of stay, the logarithmic transformation was applied. Hence, data are given as the exponential of the estimated beta parameter, indicating how many times longer the length of stay was among blood culture-positive than culture-negative patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae.