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Table 2 Comparison of daytime sleepiness measurements, overnight polysomnography and blood pressure results for patients with non-positional and positional obstructive sleep apnea

From: Comparison of cardiovascular co-morbidities and CPAP use in patients with positional and non-positional mild obstructive sleep apnea

 

Non-positional

Positional

Adjusted

 

G1: Mild

G2: Moderate

G3: Severe

G4: Mild

G5: Moderate

G6: Severe

(n = 18)

(n = 70)

(n = 178)

(n = 52)

(n = 29)

(n = 24)

P-value1

Daytime sleepiness measurements

       

  ESS score

11.09 ± 1.31

9.91 ± 0.66

11.06 ± 0.43

9.65 ± 0.8

10.55 ± 1.02

10.24 ± 1.15

0.618

Overnight polysomnography

       

  AHI, episodes/hour

12.68 ± 3.06

24.41 ± 1.55a

55.98 ± 1.01a,b

11.93 ± 1.86

21.97 ± 2.39a

44.41 ± 2.69a,b,c

<0.001*

  Supine AHI, episodes/hour

17.15 ± 3.54

33.98 ± 1.80a

66.11 ± 1.16a,b

18.55 ± 2.13

34.88 ± 2.76a

54.55 ± 3.1a,b,c

<0.001*

  Lateral AHI, episodes/hour

10.26 ± 4.13

14.35 ± 2.10

39.29 ± 1.35a,b

3.73 ± 2.48

2.25 ± 3.22c

5.17 ± 3.62c

<0.001*

  DI, episodes/hour

7.07 ± 3.38

15.12 ± 1.95

45.62 ± 1.27a,b

7.97 ± 2.33

14.90 ± 3.00

35.91 ± 3.37a,b

<0.001*

  AI, episodes/hour

30.87 ± 3.66

36.78 ± 1.86

56.65 ± 1.21a,b

19.50 ± 2.23

27.91 ± 2.86

46.99 ± 3.23a,b

<0.001*

  Sleep efficiency, %

68.83 ± 3.61

74.9 ± 1.84

77.62 ± 1.19

77.16 ± 2.2

78.46 ± 2.82

78.48 ± 3.18

0.224

  Sleep latency, minute

28.85 ± 7.06

27.53 ± 3.59

22.3 ± 2.33

23.64 ± 4.3

16.58 ± 5.52

24.6 ± 6.22

0.601

  REM latency, minute

120.2 ± 17.1

134.32 ± 8.83

141.17 ± 5.7

113.89 ± 10.29

126.42 ± 12.99

147.72 ± 15.25

0.238

  S1, %

22.22 ± 3.18

24.01 ± 1.62

36.19 ± 1.05a,b

20.33 ± 1.94

23.30 ± 2.49

28.61 ± 2.8

<0.001*

  S2, %

62.00 ± 3.16

60.83 ± 1.60

51.52 ± 1.04a,b

60.52 ± 1.92

59.14 ± 2.47

57.84 ± 2.78

<0.001*

  S34, %

3.18 ± 1.35

2.72 ± 0.69

2.5 ± 0.44

4.01 ± 0.82

4.13 ± 1.06

2.61 ± 1.19

0.560

  REM, %

12.60 ± 1.54

12.43 ± 0.78

9.78 ± 0.51

15.14 ± 0.94

13.43 ± 1.20

10.94 ± 1.35

<0.001*

  SaO2 mean, %

92.92 ± 0.73

93.23 ± 0.37

90.65 ± 0.24b

93.91 ± 0.45

94.14 ± 0.57

93.66 ± 0.65c

<0.001*

  SaO2 minimal, %

86.36 ± 1.90

81.22 ± 0.97a

76.02 ± 0.63a,b

84.56 ± 1.17

81.87 ± 1.49

76.96 ± 1.67a

<0.001*

Blood pressure

       

  Evening SBP, mmHg

125.28 ± 3.43

127.46 ± 1.74

129.23 ± 1.13

124.02 ± 2.09

123.05 ± 2.68

126.01 ± 3.02

0.176

  Evening DBP, mmHg

76.84 ± 2.49

77.15 ± 1.27

79.29 ± 0.82

76.47 ± 1.52

73.78 ± 1.95

78.76 ± 2.19

0.138

  Evening MABP, mmHg

92.99 ± 2.61

93.92 ± 1.33

95.93 ± 0.86

92.32 ± 1.59

90.2 ± 2.04

94.51 ± 2.3

0.119

  Morning SBP, mmHg

125.91 ± 3.27

126.83 ± 1.66

132.44 ± 1.08

125.06 ± 1.99

122.72 ± 2.56

126.56 ± 2.88

0.002*

  Morning DBP, mmHg

78.37 ± 2.83

79.62 ± 1.44

83.74 ± 0.93b

79.06 ± 1.72

77.32 ± 2.21

80.81 ± 2.49

0.033*

  Morning MABP, mmHg

94.23 ± 2.79

95.35 ± 1.42

99.97 ± 0.92

94.39 ± 1.70

92.47 ± 2.18

96.07 ± 2.46

0.006*

  Evening-to-morning SBP difference, mmHg

0.63 ± 2.67

-0.63 ± 1.36

3.21 ± 0.88

1.04 ± 1.63

-0.33 ± 2.09

0.54 ± 2.36

0.234

  Evening-to-morning DBP difference, mmHg

1.53 ± 2.15

2.47 ± 1.09

4.45 ± 0.71

2.59 ± 1.31

3.54 ± 1.68

2.05 ± 1.89

0.526

  Evening-to-morning MABP difference, mmHg

1.23 ± 2.11

1.43 ± 1.07

4.04 ± 0.7

2.07 ± 1.28

2.26 ± 1.65

1.55 ± 1.86

0.338

  1. ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; DI: desaturation index; AI: arousal index; REM: rapid eye movement; SaO2: oxygen saturation; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MABP: mean arterial blood pressure.
  2. Results are estimated mean ± standard deviation.
  3. *Indicates a significant association, P < 0.05.
  4. 1After adjusting for gender, ratio of waist to hip, BMI, smoking, and cardiovascular comorbidity, associations between factors and groups were assessed by linear regression and P-values were estimated using Wald’s test. Post-hoc testes were examined by Boferroni correction.
  5. aIndicates significant difference from the mild subgroup within the nonpositional (or positional) group, p < 0.05.
  6. bIndicates significant difference from the moderate subgroup within the nonpositional (or positional) group, p < 0.05.
  7. cIndicates significant difference between the corresponding subgroups of nonpositional and positional group, p < 0.05.