From: Non-emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with diabetes mellitus
 | No/minimal emphysema | Emphysema-predominant | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
N | 1817 | 1687 | Â |
Age | 60.6 (±8.8) | 65.6 (±7.7) | <0.0001 |
Male sex | 933 (51.3%) | 1000 (59.3%) | <0.0001 |
African American race | 479 (26.4%) | 288 (17.1%) | <0.0001 |
Pack-years of smoking | 47.3 (±24.4) | 55.9 (±28.1) | <0.0001 |
Current smoking | 1122 (61.8%) | 392 (23.2%) | <0.0001 |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 29.3 (±6.3) | 25.9 (±5.2) | <0.0001 |
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), % predicted | 68.4 (±18.4) | 44.5 (±21.0) | <0.0001 |
GOLD Stage | Â | Â | Â |
1 | 487 (26.8%) | 121 (7.2%) | Â |
2 | 1025 (56.4%) | 453 (26.9%) | Â |
3 | 267 (14.7%) | 649 (38.5%) | Â |
4 | 38 (2.1%) | 464 (27.5%) | Â |
FEV1 / Forced Vital Capacity ratio | 0.61 (±0.08) | 0.42 (±0.12) | <0.0001 |
Bronchodilator response, change in FEV1, % of baseline | 7.2 (±11.7) | 9.1 (±12.6) | <0.0001 |
Bronchodilator response, change in FEV1, L | 0.11 (±0.19) | 0.09 (±0.13) | 0.001 |
Bronchodilator response, % of predicted FEV1 | 3.8 (±6.4) | 3.2 (±4.5) | 0.002 |
6-minute walk distance, ft. | 1331 (±383) | 1138 (±403) | <0.0001 |
Oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry, % | 95.9 (±2.8) | 94.0 (±3.9) | <0.0001 |
Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score | 1.5 (±1.5) | 2.4 (±1.3) | <0.0001 |
St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total score | 30.7 (±22.9) | 43.0 (±20.6) | <0.0001 |
BODE index* | 1.6 (±1.7) | 3.6 (±2.1) | <0.0001 |
Emphysema at -950 Hounsfield units, % | 2.0 (±1.4) | 23.6 (±10.7) | <0.0001 |
Square root wall area of an airway with 10 mm internal perimeter | 3.71 (±0.15) | 3.70 (±0.13) | 0.001 |
Wall area % of segmental airways | 62.7 (±3.4) | 62.2 (±3.0) | <0.0001 |