Variables | COPD-related healthcare utilization | Â | Â | Â | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | User | Non-user |  |  |  |
 | No. (%) | No. (%) |  |  |  |
 | 244 (27.2) | 653 (72.8) | OR | 95% CI | Pvalue |
Age (yr) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  40 ~ 59 | 50 (19.2) | 211 (80.8) | 1.00 |  |  |
  ≥60 | 194 (30.5) | 442 (69.5) | 1.56 | 1.03 - 2.36 | 0.04 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Female | 74 (27.5) | 195 (72.5) | 1.00 |  |  |
  Male | 170 (27.1) | 458 (72.9) | 1.13 | 0.71 - 1.77 | 0.61 |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Never | 75 (25.7) | 217 (74.3) | 1.00 |  |  |
  Former | 82 (27.4) | 217 (72.6) | 1.04 | 0.63 - 1.70 | 0.89 |
  Current § | 87 (28.9) | 214 (71.1) | 1.32 | 0.82 - 2.13 | 0.26 |
Residential area | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Urban | 138 (25.9) | 394 (74.1) | 1.00 |  |  |
  Rural | 106 (29.0) | 259 (71.0) | 1.07 | 0.78 - 1.48 | 0.68 |
Household income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ≥Lower quartile | 129 (23.5) | 421 (76.6) | 1.00 |  |  |
 <Lower quartile | 115 (33.1) | 232 (66.9) | 1.32 | 0.94 - 1.85 | 0.10 |
Severity of airway obstruction | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
  Mild | 74 (20.3) | 291 (79.7) | 1.00 |  |  |
  Moderate | 128 (27.2) | 342 (72.8) | 1.54 | 1.10 - 2.15 | 0.01 |
  Severe¶ | 42 (67.7) | 20 (32.3) | 6.68 | 3.60 - 12.38 | <0.01 |
No. of co-morbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
  0 | 107 (22.4) | 370 (77.6) | 1.00 |  |  |
  ≥1 | 137 (32.6) | 283 (67.4) | 1.44 | 1.03 - 2.01 | 0.03 |
Self-reported physician diagnosis of COPD | Â | Â | Â | ||
  No | 224 (25.8) | 646 (74.3) | 1.00 |  |  |
  Yes | 20 (74.1) | 7 (25.9) | 5.30 | 2.08 - 13.54 | <0.01 |