Table 2 Peripheral muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity in patients with COPD and healthy subjects

Shoulder abductors (N)

147 ± 38 [%95 Cl 135–171]

183 ± 48 [%95 Cl 161–206]

0.012*

Shoulder flexors (N)

168 ± 53 [%95 Cl 147–199]

204 ± 45 [%95 Cl 183–225]

0.027*

Knee extensors (N)

312 ± 54 [%95 Cl 277–336]

320 ± 44 [%95 Cl 300–341]

0.624

Hand grip strength (N)

185 ± 34 [%95 Cl 158–195]

195 ± 56 [%95 Cl 168–221]

0.523

Sit-ups (n)

16 ± 5 [%95 Cl 13–18]

19 ± 4 [%95 Cl 17–21]

0.019*

Squats (n)

17 ± 3 [%95 Cl 15–18]

20 ± 4 [%95 Cl 18–22]

0.009*

Modified push-ups (n)

17 ± 5 [%95 Cl 14–20]

19 ± 4 [%95 Cl 18–21]

0.065

6MWT distance (m)

549 ± 92 [%95 Cl 526–611]

620 ± 60 [%95 Cl 592–648]

0.006*

6MWT%

98 ± 16 [%95 Cl 95–109]

111 ± 9 [%95 Cl 107–115]

0.002*

HR max. %

71 ± 13 [%95 Cl 63–79]

70 ± 8 [%95 Cl 67–74]

0.708

ΔSpO₂ (%)

-3.4 ± 6.0 [%95 Cl -5-0.3]

0.2 ± 1.4 [%95 Cl -0.5-0.8]

0.016*

Modified Borg-dyspnea (0–10)

2.7 ± 2.8 [%95 Cl 1.1-3.9]

0.1 ± 0.3 [%95 Cl -0.0-0.2]

0.001*

Modified Borg-fatigue (0–10)

1.0 ± 2.4 [%95 Cl -1.1-2.8]

0.4 ± 0.6 [%95 Cl 0.1-0.6]

0.245

Modified Borg-quadriceps fatigue (0–10)

2.6 ± 2.1 [%95 Cl 1.6-3.9]

0.3 ± 0.8 [%95 Cl -0.1-0.7]

0.001*