Variables | Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (N = 717) | Invasive mechanical ventilation (N = 1,229) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Age at admission, mean (SD) | 75.8 (6.2) | 75.3 (6.0) | 0.07 |
Men | 706 (98.5) | 1216 (98.9) | 0.36 |
Smoker | 332 (46.3) | 492 (40.0) | 0.01 |
Alcohol abuse | 30 (4.2) | 64 (5.2) | 0.31 |
Prior admission | 203 (28.3) | 409 (33.3) | 0.02 |
Guideline concordant antibiotics | 630 (87.9) | 889 (72.3) | <0.01 |
Black | 67 (9.3) | 147 (12.0) | 0.08 |
White | 601 (83.8) | 1014 (82.5) | 0.46 |
Hispanic | 24 (3.4) | 93 (7.6) | <0.01 |
Married | 393 (54.8) | 633 (51.5) | 0.16 |
VA priority group | 0.97 | ||
1 | 137 (19.1) | 229 (18.7) | |
2–6 | 509 (71.0) | 876 (71.3) | |
7–8 | 71 (9.9) | 123 (10.0) | |
ICU admission | 425 (59.3) | 1124 (91.5) | <0.01 |
Myocardial infarction | 45 (6.3) | 116 (9.4) | 0.02 |
Congestive heart failure | 258 (36.0) | 387 (31.5) | 0.04 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 108 (15.1) | 194 (15.8) | 0.67 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 93 (13.0) | 181 (14.7) | 0.28 |
Dementia | 13 (1.8) | 34 (2.8) | 0.19 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 590 (82.3) | 821 (66.8) | <0.01 |
Rheumatologic disease | 23 (3.2) | 61 (5.0) | 0.07 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 24 (3.4) | 44 (3.6) | 0.79 |
Severe liver disease | 5 (0.7) | 17 (1.4) | 0.19 |
Diabetes | 257 (35.8) | 411 (33.4) | 0.28 |
Diabetes with complications | 76 (10.6) | 119 (9.7) | 0.52 |
Chronic renal disease | 85 (11.9) | 174 (14.2) | 0.15 |
Hemi/Paraplegia | 10 (1.4) | 17 (1.4) | 0.98 |
Any prior malignancy | 183 (25.5) | 319 (26.0) | 0.83 |
Metastatic solid tumor | 29 (4.0) | 56 (4.6) | 0.59 |
Illicit drug abuse | 9 (1.3) | 15 (1.2) | 0.95 |
Nursing home residence | 10 (1.4) | 7 (0.6) | 0.06 |
Vasopressor use | 50 (7.0) | 499 (40.6) | <0.01 |
Cardiovascular drug count 90 days prior, mean (SD) | 2.0 (1.6) | 1.9 (1.6) | 0.06 |
Diabetes drug count 90 days prior, mean (SD) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.04 |
Inhaled corticosteroids drug count 90 days prior mean (SD) | 0.75 (1.0) | 0.62 (0.98) | 0.01 |
Pulmonary drug count 90 days prior mean (SD) | 2.4 (2.2) | 2.0 (2.2) | <0.01 |
Number of primary care clinical visits 1 year prior, mean (SD) | 5.0 (3.8) | 5.0 (4.4) | 0.88 |
Number of emergency department clinic visits 1 year prior, mean (SD) | 1.3 (3.6) | 1.4 (2.8) | 0.52 |
Reason for immunosuppression | |||
Taking immunosuppressive drugs | 611 (85.2) | 961 (78.2) | <0.01 |
Leukemia/lymphoma/multiple myeloma | 42 (5.9) | 121 (9.9) | <0.01 |
Taking oral corticosteroids | 362 (50.5) | 649 (52.8) | 0.32 |
AIDS | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) | 0.68 |