Table 1 Patient and physiological characteristics of included patients
From: Exhaled breath profiling for diagnosing acute respiratory distress syndrome
|  |  | Control (n = 92) | ARDS (n = 58) | Pneumonia (11) | CPE (19) | P–value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | (years) | 64 (50–75) | 57 (54–78) | 56 (49–62) | 71 (63–79) | 0.106 |
Male | (yes) | 51 (55) | 30 (52) | 8 (89) | 11 (73) | 0.327 |
APACHE II |  | 20 (15–26) | 23 (19–29) | 20 (16–24) | 23 (20–28) | 0.013 |
SAPS II |  | 48 (37–60) | 55 (43–67) | 49 (37–55) | 57 (46–63) | 0.013 |
Admission type | Medical | 56 (62) | 41 (72) | 7 (64) | 16 (89) | 0.373 |
Elective surgery | 5 (6) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Emergency surgery | 29 (32) | 14 (25) | 2 (11) | 4 (36) | ||
Comorbidities | Asthma | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 0.606 |
COPD | 8 (9) | 6 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.773 | |
Other respiratory | 5 (5) | 2 (3) | 1 (9) | 1 (5) | 0.290 | |
Malignancy | 7 (7) | 13 (22) | 1 (9) | 1 (5) | 0.090 | |
DM | 10 (11) | 10 (17) | 0 (0) | 3 (16) | 0.682 | |
Pmax | (cmH 2 O) | 16 (11–20) | 21 (15–30) | 16 (15–24) | 24 (19–29) | < 0.001 |
PEEP | (cmH 2 O) | 5 (5–6) | 8 (5–10) | 5 (5–8.5) | 8 (5–10) | < 0.001 |
Tidal volume | (ml) | 456 (393–545) | 426 (380–494) | 482 (451–579) | 410 (373–506) | 0.345 |
Minute volume | (l/min) | 8.5 (7.4–9.1) | 11.0 (9.1–13.3) | 11.3 (9.8–12.6) | 9.6 (7.9–12.1) | < 0.001 |
PaCO2 | (kPa) | 5.1 (4.6–5.7) | 5.4 (4.6–5.9) | 4.7 (4.1–5.6) | 4.8 (4.6–5.6) | 0.452 |
PaO2/FiO2 | (mmHg/%) | 311 (234–398) | 212 (165–257) | 304 (241–447) | 242 (176–264) | < 0.001 |
Leucocytes | 10 9 /ml | 12.9 (10.2–18.2) | 13.4 (8.7–19.4) | 14.1 (13.6–15.1) | 18.0 (16.0–18.9) | 0.053 |
CRP | mg/ml | 65 (21–129) | 144 (74–237) | 135 (62–177) | 66 (18–110) | 0.002 |
ICU Mortality | Â | 16 (18) | 20 (35) | 0 (0) | 6 (33) | 0.023 |