Beverage specific alcohol intake in a population-based study: Evidence for a positive association between pulmonary function and wine intake

Table 4 Multiple linear regression coefficients for regression of lifetime total alcohol and beverage specific alcohol intake on FEV₁% and FVC%,

Variable	FEBV₁%^†		FVC%^‡
	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
Lifetime alcohol intake ^#	Variables entered separately
Total alcohol	0.001	-0.999–1.017	0.271	-0.687–1.228
Total Wine (red and white wine)	1.607^**	0.593–2.621	1.267^*	0.292–2.241
White Wine	1.825^**	0.660–2.990	1.396^*	0.277–2.516
Red Wine	1.277^*	0.008–2.546	1.262^*	0.044–2.480
Beer	-0.387	-1.193–0.419	-0.056	-0.823–0.711
Liquor	-0.042	-0.825–0.909	-0.135	-0.966–0.697
Lifetime alcohol intake ^#	Variables entered simultaneously
Total Wine (red and white wine)	1.696^**	0.662–2.730	1.349^**	0.355–2.343
Beer	-0.503	-1.007–0.791	-0.097	-0.884–0.691
Liquor	-0.108	-1.007–0.791	-0.324	-1.187–0.540

^†adjusted for smoking status (never, former, current), total pack-years of smoking, weight, education, eosinophil count and serum vitamin E, vitamin c, lutein/zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and retinol levels ^‡ adjusted for smoking status, total pack-years of smoking, weight, education and serum vitamin E, vitamin C, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin levels ^# alcohol variables, expressed in kg, were log transformed to closer approximate a normal distribution. Transformation is based on Ig10 (alcohol intake + 1), where alcohol intake resembles beverage specific or total intake over the lifetime ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01

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