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Table 2 Use versus non-use of ACE inhibitors by demographic and clinical characteristics*

From: The impact of prior outpatient ACE inhibitor use on 30-day mortality for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia

 

ACE Inhibitor Use

 

Variable

Not on ACE inhibitor

(n= 593)

On ACE inhibitor

(n=194)

p-value

Age, years +/- standard deviation

58.2 +/-16.9

67.1+/-13.6

<0.001

Men

467 (79)

154(80)

0.8

Nursing home resident

43(7)

11(6)

0.4

Emergency department admission

498(84)

158(81)

0.38

Admitted to intensive care ≤ 24 hours

116(20)

38(20)

1.0

Preexisting Comorbid Conditions

   Diabetes Mellitus

138(23)

92(47)

<0.001

   Coronary artery disease

132(22)

98(51)

<0.001

   Chronic pulmonary disease

151(25)

67(35)

<0.001

   Current tobacco use

200(31)

35(18)

<0.001

   Congestive heart failure

59(10)

64(33)

<0.001

   History of stroke

67(11)

38(20)

0.003

   Chronic liver disease

82(14)

12(6)

0.004

   History of malignancy

57(10)

21(11)

0.6

   Renal insufficiency

54(9)

33(17)

0.002

History, Physical, Laboratory, and Radiographic Data

   Altered mental status

62(10)

23(12)

0.6

   Respiratory rate > 30 per minute

67(11)

15(8)

0.16

   Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg

17(3)

4(2)

0.5

   Heart rate > 125 per minute

87(15)

18(9)

0.06

   Temperature < 95° or > 104°

18(3)

3(2)

0.26

   Arterial pH < 7.35

33(6)

16(8)

0.18

   Arterial oxygenation < 90%

128(22)

48(25)

0.4

   Hematocrit < 30%

59(10)

13(7)

0.17

   Blood urea nitrogen > 30 mg/dL

110(19)

58(30)

<0.001

   Serum glucose > 250 mg/dL

50(8)

26(13)

0.04

   Serum sodium < 130 meq/L

95(16)

21(11)

0.08

   Pleural effusion

141(24)

48(25)

0.8

Pneumonia Severity Index

   Class I-III

332(56)

77(40)

 

   Class IV

187(32)

79(41)

 

   Class V

74(12)

38(20)

<0.001

  1. * Data are presented as number (%) or mean +/-standard deviation