Table 2 Health profile, severity of airways obstruction according to FEV1, co-morbidity, and quality of life (generic SF-12 questionnaire) of the studied COPD patients, according to gender and smoking habit.
From: Characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Spain from a gender perspective
Parameter | Male non-smokers | Male smokers | Female non-smokers | Female smokers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical exercise: * † Ŧ | ||||
- None (%) | (153) 21.9 | (2233) 30.6 | (758) 42.5 | (232) 30.4 |
- Light (%) | (436) 68.1 | (4735) 64.8 | (981) 55.0 | (474) 62.0 |
- Moderate (%) | (51) 8.0 | (334) 4.6 | (43) 2.4 | (58) 7.6 |
Obesity: + † Ŧ | ||||
- Normal weight (%) | (130) 20.6 | (1616) 22.3 | (445) 25.6 | (279) 36.6 |
- Overweight (%) | (382) 60.6 | (4130) 57.0 | (786) 45.2 | (342) 44.8 |
- Obese (%) | (118) 18.7 | (1489) 20.6 | (509) 29.2 | (142) 18.6 |
Severity of obstruction (according to FEV1) * + † | ||||
Mild | (270) 44.1 | (2276) 32.2 | (695) 40.7 | (342) 46.4 |
Moderate | (296) 48.4 | (3906) 55.2 | (861) 50.5 | (353) 47.9 |
Severe | (46) 7.5 | (896) 12.7 | (150) 8.8 | (42) 5.7 |
Comorbidity: | ||||
- Hypertension (%) * + † Ŧ | (229) 40.0 | (3259) 47.8 | (899) 53.8 | (277) 39.3 |
- Hypercholesterolemia (%) * | (197) 35.2 | (2833) 42.3 | (668) 41.0 | (262) 38.0 |
- Heart disease (%) + † | (84) 15.4 | (1294) 19.9 | (301) 18.9 | (65) 9.8 |
- Gastroduodenal ulcer (%) * † | (75) 13.7 | (1254) 19.2 | (207) 13.1 | (78) 11.7 |
- Depression (%) † Ŧ | (46) 8.5 | (619) 9.6 | (353) 22.2 | (168) 25.2 |
- Anxiety (%) † Ŧ | (89) 16.2 | (1145) 17.7 | (568) 35.6 | (264) 39.4 |
- Diabetes(%) + Ŧ | (71) 13.0 | (1089) 16.7 | (322) 20.1 | (96) 14.4 |
SF12 mental component (mean ± SD) † Ŧ | (647) 50.3 ± 9.8 | (7356) 49.3 ± 10.4 | (1803) 44.5 ± 12.0 | (773) 44.9 ± 12.1 |
SF12 physical component (mean ± SD) * + † Ŧ | (647) 38.1 ± 10.0 | (7356) 35.8 ± 9.9 | (1803) 34.6 ± 9.6 | (773) 38.9 ± 9.8 |