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Table 4 Studies were indirect cost exceeded direct cost of asthma

From: Economic burden of asthma: a systematic review

References No.

Country

Study duration

Sample size

Total indirect cost

Mean annual indirect cost/person

%

Total direct cost

Total cost

Mean annual cost per person

Institutional studies

13

Spain

1 yr

333

-

2,749

69

1,221

-

3,970

17

Italy

1 yr

500

-

1,068

52

970

-

2,038

22*

US

1 yr

638

-

n/a

55

488

-

727

50

Denmark

1 yr

115

822,067

-

67

402,668

1,224,735

-

National studies

51

Germany

1 yr

52,794

n/a

-

75

-

4.43 b

-

  1. All costs are converted and adjusted into 2008 US dollars
  2. * n/a: data not available; b: billion; yr: year