Economic burden of asthma: a systematic review

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 6 Studies that represented medication costs as the largest component of total asthma related cost

References No.	Country	Study duration	Sample size	Cost of medication/person				Total direct cost	Total cost	Mean annual cost/person
				Mean	SD	95%CI	%
Institutional studies
11	US	1 yr	401	2,070			50	4,101
13	Spain	1 yr	333	552	454		45	1,221		3,971
15	Canada	1 yr	940	56¥				82
16	Italy	1 yr	446	240		181–299	47 ν			1,186
19	Turkey	1 yr	118	1,388	109		81	1,713
22	US	1 yr	638	141			53 ψ	488	727
23	France	1 yr	234	-			60–75 ξ	-
27	Sweden	1 yr	220	463			56	822	0.62 b	2,655
28	Australia	1 yr	245	55			89^¢			235 ¥
35	Switzerland	1 yr	263	814	735		70	1,156
55	Thailand	1 yr	183	72	111		47	154 §
60	Estonia	1 yr	1,423	154,140ϕ			53 ψ	3.60 m		203
Regional studies
37	US	1 yr	25,614	-			38			679
47	Australia	1 yr	1.2 m	147 m			54	273 m	354 m
National studies
29	Canada	1 yr	N/A*	164 m			-	404 m
43	US	1 yr	2.52 m	495 m	66		43		2.3 b
51	Germany	1 yr	52,794	0.58 b			84	0.69 b	2.74 b

All costs are converted and adjusted into 2008 US dollars
Cost information of study 46 was not available
¥: From the patient's perspective; ¥: Total annual cost per person of asthma management to individuals; ν: 47% of mean annual direct cost per patient;
^¢ :The major component of the individual cost; N/A*: All asthmatic patients in 1990; ξ: 75% of stage 2&3 and 60% of stages 1&4 (the total amount is not available); §: hospital resource utilization; ψ: 53% of total medical expenditure; ϕ: of total study sample size; m: million, b: billion; yr: year

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