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Table 1 Demographics and Baseline Values of Outcome Variables

From: The efficacy of a comprehensive lifestyle modification programme based on yoga in the management of bronchial asthma: a randomized controlled trial

 

Yoga group

(n = 29)

Control group

(n = 28)

p-value

Age, years (mean ± SD)

33.5 ± 11.4

33.4 ± 11.5

0.96

   Males, n (%)

13 (45)

20 (71)

0.29

   Females, n (%)

16 (55)

8 (29)

0.19

Weight, kg (mean ± SD)

61.3 ± 11.5

58.9 ± 9.7

0.93

Height, cm (mean ± SD)

162 ± 10.1

161.8 ± 7.4

0.40

Body Mass Index (BMI) (mean ± SD)

23.4 ± 4.3

22.6 ± 4.0

0.44

Family history of asthma present, n (%)

13 (44.8)

11 (39.3)

0.67

Duration of Asthma, years (mean ± SD)

11.6 ± 9.5

10.5 ± 11.9

0.22

   Mild asthma, n (%)

13 (44.8)

11 (39.3)

0.78

   Moderate asthma, n (%)

16 (55)

17 (60.7)

0.82

FVC (% of predicted)

78.7 ± 13.3

75.2 ± 15.0

0.35

FEV1 (% of predicted)

70.2 ± 17.4

62.5 ± 19.2

0.11

FEV1/FVC (% of predicted)

80.4 ± 11.5

73.7 ± 14.8

0.06

PEFR (% of predicted)

68.6 ± 18.4

57.4 ± 19.7

0.03

FEF25-75 (% of predicted)

38.4 ± 14.5

33.9 ± 18.3

0.31

Serum ECP level (ng/mL)

1.32 ± 0.51

1.25 ± 0.43

0.89

EIB (%fall in FEV1 with EC)

15.0 ± 14.0

9.1 ± 10.8

0.16

Urinary 11β-PGF2α before exercise (pg/mg of creatinine), median (IQR)

455.4

(107.2–1098.1)

223.7

(98.8–562.7)

0.12

Δ Urinary 11β-PGF2α (pg/mg of creatinine) with exercise challenge, median (IQR)

26.9 (7.4–218)

38.4 (3.1–108)

0.55

AQOL total score

3.72 ± 1.17

3.64 ± 1.14

0.80

AQOL symptoms score

3.77 ± 1.34

3.62 ± 1.42

0.70

AQOL activity limitation score

3.66 ± 1.13

3.67 ± 1.17

0.95

AQOL emotional function score

3.94 ± 1.47

3.59 ± 1.39

0.35

AQOL environmental stimuli score

3.72 ± 1.17

4.04 ± 1.42

0.14

  1. Abbreviations: AQOL, Asthma Quality of Life; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEF25–75%, forced mid-expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC; FVC, forced vital capacity; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate; ECP, eosinophilic cationic protein; IQR, inter- quartile range; EC, exercise challenge; EIB, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; 11β-PGF2α, 11β prostaglandin F2α.
  2. p-value obtained by from Chi-square analysis or 't' test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on the type of variables.
  3. All values are expressed as mean ± SD, except ECP expressed as log-transformed values and 11β-PGF2α as median with inter-quartile range.