LegionellaCAP (n = 82) | Non-LegionellaCAP (n = 368) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
- Age (years)* | 68 (49–77) | 73 (59–82) | 0.01 |
- Sex (male) – no. (%) | 57 (70) | 221 (60) | 0.11 |
Coexisting illnesses – no. (%) | |||
- Congestive heart disease | 20 (24) | 156 (42) | 0.003 |
- Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (9) | 20 (5) | 0.29 |
- Renal dysfunction | 23 (28) | 100 (27) | 0.15 |
- COPDa | 8 (10) | 90 (24) | 0.004 |
- Neoplastic disease | 17 (21) | 53 (14) | 0.15 |
Clinical History – no. (%) | |||
- Antibiotic pretreatment | 27 (33) | 75 (20) | 0.01 |
- Cough | 55 (70) | 329 (89) | <0.001 |
- increase in sputum production | 26 (34) | 265 (72) | <0.001 |
- Dyspnea | 46 (60) | 266 (72) | 0.03 |
Clinical and laboratory findings | |||
- Confusion – no. (%) | 9 (11) | 31 (8) | 0.4 |
- Respiratory rate (breaths/minute)* | 18 (16–28) | 22 (20–28) | 0.01 |
- Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 130 (113–145) | 130 (113–143) | 0.9 |
- Heart rate (beats/minute)* | 100 (86–114) | 95 (80–110) | 0.05 |
- Body temperature (°C)* | 39.3 (38.5–40.1) | 38.4 (37.6–39.2) | <0.001 |
Laboratory findings | |||
- C-reactive protein (mg/L)* | 241 (171–315) | 134 (67–217) | <0.001 |
- Procalcitonin (μg/L)* | 2.90 (0.93–6.43) | 0.57 (0.19–2.61) | <0.01 |
- Hematocrit (%)* | 37 (32–41) | 38 (35–40) | 0.17 |
- Leucocyte counts (×109/L)* | 12.9 (9.5–15.5) | 12.8 (8.9–16.8) | 0.47 |
- Platelet counts (×109/L)* | 191 (141–253) | 243 (190–326) | <0.001 |
- Sodium (mmol/L)* | 132 (128–135) | 136 (133–138) | <0.001 |
< 131 mmol/L – no. (%) | 36 (46) | 49 (14) | <0.001 |
- Creatinine (umol/L)* | 101 (80–144) | 105 (83–138) | 0.29 |
- Urea (mmol/L)* | 8.3 (5.4–14.2) | 6.9 (4.9–11.5) | 0.93 |
- Elevated liver enzymesb – no. (%) | 52 (63) | 126 (34) | <0.001 |
- Creatinine kinase (U/L)* | 103 (48–417) | 77 (41–174) | <0.01 |
- Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)* | 252 (204–382) | 214 (175–268) | <0.001 |
- Glucose (mmol/L)* | 6.9 (6.1–9.7) | 6.8 (5.9–8.4) | 0.12 |
- Oxygen saturation (%)* | 93 (88–95) | 93 (89–96) | 0.46 |
- PaO2 (kPa)* | 7.7 (7.1–9.9) | 8.0 (6.8–9.5) | 0.82 |
- pH* | 7.46 (7.38–7.49) | 7.43 (7.39–7.46) | 0.02 |
- Hemoglobinuria – no. (%) | 45 (70) | 114 (45) | <0.001 |
- Proteinuria – no. (%) | 46 (73) | 124 (48) | <0.001 |
Risk assessment | |||
- PSIc Points* | 117 (90–140) | 95 (73–121) | <0.001 |
- CURB65* | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.09 |
Outcome – no. (%) | |||
- Death | 13 (16) | 33 (9) | 0.06 |
- Admission to ICUd | 34 (41) | 43 (12) | 0.01 |
- Length of hospital stay (days)* | 13 (8–20) | 11 (6–17) | 0.02 |