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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the 450 Patients with CAP separated by Legionella CAP (n = 82) and non-Legionella CAP (n = 368).

From: Clinical predictors for Legionella in patients presenting with community-acquired pneumonia to the emergency department

 

LegionellaCAP

(n = 82)

Non-LegionellaCAP

(n = 368)

P-value

Demographic characteristics

   

- Age (years)*

68 (49–77)

73 (59–82)

0.01

- Sex (male) – no. (%)

57 (70)

221 (60)

0.11

Coexisting illnesses – no. (%)

   

- Congestive heart disease

20 (24)

156 (42)

0.003

- Cerebrovascular disease

7 (9)

20 (5)

0.29

- Renal dysfunction

23 (28)

100 (27)

0.15

- COPDa

8 (10)

90 (24)

0.004

- Neoplastic disease

17 (21)

53 (14)

0.15

Clinical History – no. (%)

   

- Antibiotic pretreatment

27 (33)

75 (20)

0.01

- Cough

55 (70)

329 (89)

<0.001

- increase in sputum production

26 (34)

265 (72)

<0.001

- Dyspnea

46 (60)

266 (72)

0.03

Clinical and laboratory findings

   

- Confusion – no. (%)

9 (11)

31 (8)

0.4

- Respiratory rate (breaths/minute)*

18 (16–28)

22 (20–28)

0.01

- Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)*

130 (113–145)

130 (113–143)

0.9

- Heart rate (beats/minute)*

100 (86–114)

95 (80–110)

0.05

- Body temperature (°C)*

39.3 (38.5–40.1)

38.4 (37.6–39.2)

<0.001

Laboratory findings

   

- C-reactive protein (mg/L)*

241 (171–315)

134 (67–217)

<0.001

- Procalcitonin (μg/L)*

2.90 (0.93–6.43)

0.57 (0.19–2.61)

<0.01

- Hematocrit (%)*

37 (32–41)

38 (35–40)

0.17

- Leucocyte counts (×109/L)*

12.9 (9.5–15.5)

12.8 (8.9–16.8)

0.47

- Platelet counts (×109/L)*

191 (141–253)

243 (190–326)

<0.001

- Sodium (mmol/L)*

132 (128–135)

136 (133–138)

<0.001

< 131 mmol/L – no. (%)

36 (46)

49 (14)

<0.001

- Creatinine (umol/L)*

101 (80–144)

105 (83–138)

0.29

- Urea (mmol/L)*

8.3 (5.4–14.2)

6.9 (4.9–11.5)

0.93

- Elevated liver enzymesb – no. (%)

52 (63)

126 (34)

<0.001

- Creatinine kinase (U/L)*

103 (48–417)

77 (41–174)

<0.01

- Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)*

252 (204–382)

214 (175–268)

<0.001

- Glucose (mmol/L)*

6.9 (6.1–9.7)

6.8 (5.9–8.4)

0.12

- Oxygen saturation (%)*

93 (88–95)

93 (89–96)

0.46

- PaO2 (kPa)*

7.7 (7.1–9.9)

8.0 (6.8–9.5)

0.82

- pH*

7.46 (7.38–7.49)

7.43 (7.39–7.46)

0.02

- Hemoglobinuria – no. (%)

45 (70)

114 (45)

<0.001

- Proteinuria – no. (%)

46 (73)

124 (48)

<0.001

Risk assessment

   

- PSIc Points*

117 (90–140)

95 (73–121)

<0.001

- CURB65*

2 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

0.09

Outcome – no. (%)

   

- Death

13 (16)

33 (9)

0.06

- Admission to ICUd

34 (41)

43 (12)

0.01

- Length of hospital stay (days)*

13 (8–20)

11 (6–17)

0.02

  1. * denotes median (interquartile range); a COPD denotes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; b elevated liver enzymes denotes elevation of ASAT and/or ALAT; c PSI denotes Pneumonia Severity Index; d ICU denotes intensive care unit.