Table 3 Potential determinants of all-cause limitations in daily activities in the past three months

Respiratory condition

No respiratory conditions

1.00

-

1.00

-

Asthma-like symptoms/dyspnoea/other nasal problems

1.64 [1.23 to 2.18]

0.001

2.05 [0.85 to 4.97]

0.112

Allergic rhinitis without asthma and chronic bronchitis

1.72 [1.37 to 2.17]

<0.001

1.46 [0.64 to 3.31]

0.366

Asthma without chronic bronchitis

1.76 [1.33 to 2.32]

<0.001

2.15 [1.43 to 3.22]

<0.001

Chronic bronchitis without asthma

2.42 [1.90 to 3.08]

<0.001

3.19 [2.22 to 4.59]

<0.001

Asthma and chronic bronchitis

3.87 [2.99 to 5.03]

<0.001

4.33 [2.10 to 8.89]

<0.001

Gender

Male

1.00

-

1.00

-

Female

1.73 [1.37 to 2.18]

<0.001

0.95 [0.84 to 1.08]

0.436

Occupational status

White collar/house-person/student

1.00

-

1.00

-

Blue collar

1.73 [1.57 to 1.91]

<0.001

2.17 [1.06 to 4.47]

0.035

Unemployed/retired subject^†

-

-

-

-

Smoking habits

Never smoking

1.00

-

1.00

-

Past smoking

1.17 [0.97 to 1.40]

0.093

1.80 [1.22 to 2.66]

0.003

Current smoking

1.07 [0.93 to 1.23]

0.324

0.66 [0.53 to 0.82]

<0.001

High level of outdoor air pollution

Absent

1.00

-

1.00

-

Present

1.17 [0.88 to 1.55]

0.288

1.54 [0.94 to 2.54]

0.087