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Table 2 Characteristics of pediatric patients with severe uncontrolled asthma (N = 36) before and after application of the WHO protocol a,b

From: Phenotypes of severe asthma among children and adolescents in Brazil: a prospective study

Variable

Pre-protocol

Post-protocol

P

Correct inhaler technique

23 (63.9)

31 (86.1)

0.008

Fully adherent to treatment

2 (5.6)

34 (94.4)

N/A

Rhinitis score

8 (0–18)

5 (0–15)

0.001

Asthma Control Test score

16.5 (6–25)

22.5 (8–25)

0.002

Posology and medications in use

   

   Leukotriene receptor antagonists

4 (11.1)

12 (33.3)

0.008

   Omalizumab

0 (0)

1 (2.7)

N/A

   Continuous oral ICS

3 (8.3)

8 (22.2)

0.063

   Equivalent dose of budesonide (μg)

800 (800–1200)

800 (800–1600)

0.059

Well-controlled home environment

9 (25)

15 (41.7)

0.109

Psychiatric disorder

3 (8.3)

8 (22.2)

0.125

Number of exacerbations

4 (0–20)

2 (0–11)

0.006

Sputum cytologyc

   

   Eosinophils (%)

2.0 (0–37)

1.1 (0–49)

0.948

   Eosinophils ≥ 2.5%

9 (25.0)

9 (25.0)

0.362

   Neutrophils > 54%

4 (17.4)

6 (18.8)

0.114

Pre-BD FEV1 (%)

77.0 (36–113)

78.7 (31–113)

0.038

Pre-BD FEV1/FVC ratio (%)

78.0 (53–100)

80.0 (43–95)

0.417

Pre-BD FE 25–75% (%)

61.0 (16–131)

66.5 (15–110)

0.156

Post-BD variation in FEV1 (%)

11.0 (0–70)

5.0 (0–45)

0.004

Post-BD variation in FEF25–75% (%)

31.0 (0.0–166.0)

14.0 (0.0–96.0)

0.013

FeNO (ppb)

31 (5–125)

14 (0–112)

0.016

  1. aValues expressed as n (%) or as median (range); bmedian time between the pre- and post-protocol evaluations: 6.07 months (range, 0.7–24.27 months); csome patients were unable to produce usable sputum samples: 13 in the pre-protocol evaluation; and 4 in the post-protocol evaluation. BD: bronchodilator.