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Table 4 Prospective associations of waist circumference (WC) and BMI measured at ages 8 and 12 years with FEV 1 , FVC and FEV 1 /FVC ratio measured at age 12 years, separately for girls and boys

From: BMI, waist circumference at 8 and 12 years of age and FVC and FEV1 at 12 years of age; the PIAMA birth cohort study

 

FEV1

FVC

FEV1/FVC ratio

 

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

 

% difference

% difference

% difference

% difference

% difference

% difference

 

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

Waist circumference

      

 High-normal

4.5 (0.2, 9.0)

2.9 (−2.0, 8.0)

4.8 (0.5, 9.3)

3.8 (−0.7, 8.6)

−0.3 (−2.5, 1.9)

−0.8 (−3.2, 1.8)

 Normal-high

1.3 (−3.4, 6.3)

−0.8 (−5.3, 3.9)

2.9 (−1.8, 8.0)

2.6 (−1.8, 7.1)

−1.4 (−3.8, 1.1)

−2.6 (−4.9, −0.2)

 High-high

2.4 (−1.7, 6.7)

−1.3 (−5.6, 3.3)

5.3 (1.1, 9.7)

2.3 (−1.9, 6.6)

−4.4 (−4.4, −0.3)

−2.9 (−5.2, 0.6)

BMI

      

 High-normal

4.4 (−0.2, 9.3)

−2.7 (−7.6, 2.4)

4.0 (−0.6, 8.9)

−0.7 (−5.4, 4.2)

0.3 (−2.1, 2.7)

−1.7 (−4.3, 1.0)

 Normal-high

3.9 (−1.7, 9.8)

−2.8 (−8.1, 2.8)

5.3 (−0.4, 11.2)

1.6 (−3.6, 7.1)

−1.1 (−4.0, 1.8)

−3.4 (−6.2, −0.5)

 High-high

2.0 (−1.8, 5.9)

−0.6 (−4.6, 3.5)

5.2 (1.3, 9.2)

1.8 (−2.0, 5.8)

−2.6 (−4.5, −0.7)

−2.1 (−4.2,-0.0)

Adjusted for confounders*

      

Waist circumference

      

 High-normal

5.6 (1.2, 10.1)

3.6 (−1.6, 9.1)

5.7 (1.4, 10.3)

4.5 (0.4, 9.6)

−0.2 (−2.3, 2.1)

−0.7 (−3.2, 2.0)

 Normal-high

1.6 (−3.5, 6.9)

−1.0 (−5.6, 3.8)

2.8 (−2.3, 8.2)

2.5 (−1.9, 7.1)

−1.1 (−3.7, 1.6)

−2.7 (−5.1, −0.3)

 High-high

1.6 (−2.7, 5.9)

−1.8 (−6.3, 2.8)

5.0 (0.7, 9.6)

1.7 (−2.6, 6.1)

−2.8 (−4.9, −0.7)

−2.9 (−5.2, −0.5)

BMI

      

 High-normal

4.7 (0.1, 9.6)

−3.0 (−8.2, 2.6)

4.3 (−0.4, 9.2)

−1.2 (−6.3, 4.1)

0.3 (−2.1, 2.7)

−1.4 (−4.3, 1.5)

 Normal-high

4.0 (1.6, 9.9)

−2.5 (−7.9, 3.3)

5.6 (−0.1, 11.6)

1.8 (−3.4, 7.5)

−1.3 (−4.2, 1.6)

−3.3 (−6.2, −0.4)

 High-high

1.3 (−2.5, 5.4)

−0.9 (−4.8, 3.3)

4.9 (0.9, 9.1)

1.7 (−2.2, 5.6)

−2.9 (−4.9, −0.9)

−2.1 (−4.2, −0.0)

  1. The results are a percent difference in the lung function testing variables of the children with a high-normal, normal-high, and high-high BMI or WC status, compared with children with a normal-normal BMI or WC status. All analyses were adjusted for the child’s height and age.
  2. *Adjusted for pubertal development and maternal education.
  3. Bold represents a statistically significant association.
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