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Table 4 Results of studies with regard to bronchoscopically guided diagnostic techniques in ICU patients

From: Clinical course and complications following diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients

Reference

Year

Patients

Setting

Results

Trouillet et al. [20]

1990

N = 107

acutely ill ventilated patients; bronchial brush

26 % of patients (p < 0.01) with a drop in PaO2; modest alterations in mean systolic blood pressure related to sedation; six patients developed arrhythmias during the procedure

Montravers et al. [21]

1993

N = 30

mechanically ventilated patients; BAL

mild haemodynamic variations but a marked decrease in PaO2 during bronchoscopy with a maximum at the end of the procedure that not fully recovered up to 2 h thereafter

Steinberg et al. [17]

1993

N = 110

ARDS patients; BAL

21 patients with a moderate to severe drop in PaO2/FiO2; four patients with a decrease of mean arterial pressure < 60 mmHg; six patients developed arrhythmias during the procedure; one pneumothorax; two cases of bacteraemia within 24 h

Turner et al. [25]

1994

N = 107

intensive care patients; bronchial brush

study describes therapeutic and diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopies; 23 bronchial brush procedures included; low rate of complications (4.1 %); none with long-term sequelae

Bauer et al. [22]

2001

N = 37

mechanically ventilated patients; BAL

patients showed a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio and higher MAP after BAL up to 24 h

Chou et al. [23]

2009

N = 56

mechanically ventilated patients; BAL

alterations in respiratory mechanics more pronounced by BAL in patients with intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure before the procedure was started

Estella [24]

2010

N = 50

Mechanically ventilated patients; BAL

respiratory mechanics during BAL procedures showed significant decrease in lung compliance and increase in resistance that only reached baseline after 90 min to 3 h

Estella [18]

2012

N = 148

ICU patients; BAL

desaturations <90 % (7 %), supraventricular tachycardia (4 %) and slight bronchial bleeding (2 %)