Table 6 Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression on mortality in the subsequent period

 White vs. non-white

0.70 (0.39–1.26)

0.231

 Marginal decline vs. stable

2.38 (1.04–5.45)

0.036*

 Significant decline vs. stable

4.42 (2.01–9.71)

<0.001*

 25–30 vs. < 25

0.53 (0.29–0.97)

0.038*

 ≥30 vs. < 25

0.38 (0.18–0.80)

0.012*

 Cardiac disorder vs. no cardiac disorder

1.63 (0.94–2.82)

0.080

 Pulmonary hypertension vs. no pulmonary hypertension

2.53 (1.33–4.80)

0.005*

 Emphysema vs. no emphysema

1.49 (0.67–3.35)

0.328

 Gastroesophageal reflux disease vs. no gastroesophageal reflux disease

1.10 (0.64–1.92)

0.725

 History of smoking vs. no history of smoking

1.08 (0.64–1.83)

0.773

 Yes vs. no

2.59 (1.49–4.53)

<0.001*

 Both vs. neither

2.48 (1.19–5.19)

0.016*

 Prednisone only vs. neither

1.41 (0.66–3.01)

0.376

 Azathioprine only vs. neither

1.11 (0.18–7.01)

0.909

 Dyspnea vs. no dyspnea

1.29 (0.48–3.48)

0.609

 Weight loss vs. no weight loss

1.95 (1.02–3.73)

0.044*

 Academic vs. non-academic

0.95 (0.51–1.77)

0.876

GAP index (per unit increase)^b

1.19 (0.98–1.44)

0.080