Table 7 Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression on hospitalization in the subsequent period

 White vs. non-white

0.50 (0.32–0.79)

0.003*

 Marginal decline vs. stable

2.50 (1.06–5.91)

0.033*

 Significant decline vs. stable

3.37 (1.62–7.00)

<0.001*

 25–30 vs. <25

0.59 (0.34–1.03)

0.061

 ≥30 vs. <25

0.95 (0.51–1.74)

0.861

 Cardiac disorder vs. no cardiac disorder

1.87 (1.06–3.32)

0.032*

 Pulmonary hypertension vs. no pulmonary hypertension

2.09 (1.15–3.83)

0.017*

 Emphysema vs. no emphysema

1.44 (0.62–3.36)

0.399

 Gastroesophageal reflux disease vs. no gastroesophageal reflux disease

1.08 (0.67–1.73)

0.746

 History of smoking vs. no history of smoking

1.02 (0.61–1.70)

0.935

 Yes vs. no

1.86 (1.06–3.26)

0.030*

 Both vs. neither

1.24 (0.59–2.62)

0.575

 Prednisone only vs. neither

1.25 (0.72–2.16)

0.428

 Azathioprine only vs. neither

0.74 (0.09–6.38)

0.780

 Dyspnea vs. no dyspnea

1.43 (0.43–4.80)

0.562

 Weight loss vs. no weight loss

1.45 (0.77–2.76)

0.250

 Academic vs. non-academic

0.89 (0.51–1.55)

0.680

GAP index (per unit increase)^b

1.23 (1.04–1.46)

0.018*