|
Race
|
|
White vs. non-white
|
0.50 (0.32–0.79)
|
0.003*
|
|
Lung-function decline group
|
|
Marginal decline vs. stable
|
2.50 (1.06–5.91)
|
0.033*
|
|
Significant decline vs. stable
|
3.37 (1.62–7.00)
|
<0.001*
|
|
BMI
|
|
25–30 vs. <25
|
0.59 (0.34–1.03)
|
0.061
|
|
≥30 vs. <25
|
0.95 (0.51–1.74)
|
0.861
|
|
Comorbidities
|
|
Cardiac disorder vs. no cardiac disorder
|
1.87 (1.06–3.32)
|
0.032*
|
|
Pulmonary hypertension vs. no pulmonary hypertension
|
2.09 (1.15–3.83)
|
0.017*
|
|
Emphysema vs. no emphysema
|
1.44 (0.62–3.36)
|
0.399
|
|
Gastroesophageal reflux disease vs. no gastroesophageal reflux disease
|
1.08 (0.67–1.73)
|
0.746
|
|
Smoking status
|
|
History of smoking vs. no history of smoking
|
1.02 (0.61–1.70)
|
0.935
|
|
Suspected AEx in the concurrent period
|
|
Yes vs. no
|
1.86 (1.06–3.26)
|
0.030*
|
|
Use of prednisone and azathioprine in the concurrent period
|
|
Both vs. neither
|
1.24 (0.59–2.62)
|
0.575
|
|
Prednisone only vs. neither
|
1.25 (0.72–2.16)
|
0.428
|
|
Azathioprine only vs. neither
|
0.74 (0.09–6.38)
|
0.780
|
|
Symptoms at initial IPF diagnosis
|
|
Dyspnea vs. no dyspnea
|
1.43 (0.43–4.80)
|
0.562
|
|
Weight loss vs. no weight loss
|
1.45 (0.77–2.76)
|
0.250
|
|
Physician's main practice setting
|
|
Academic vs. non-academic
|
0.89 (0.51–1.55)
|
0.680
|
|
GAP index (per unit increase)b
|
1.23 (1.04–1.46)
|
0.018*
|
