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Table 4 Two-pollutant models for associations between pollutants and respiratory outcomes

From: Association between personal exposure to ambient metals and respiratory disease in Italian adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Pollutant (IQR)

Report of asthma

Asthma medication use in past 12 months

Wheeze in past 12 months

Nasal allergies/hay fever in past 12 months

Mn (42 ng/m3)

1.09* (1.00,1.18)

1.13* (1.04,1.29)

1.09 (0.92, 1.29)

0.96 (0.85, 1.09)

Ni (4 ng/m3)

1.11** (1.03, 1.21)

1.13* (1.01, 1.27)

1.00 (0.85, 1.17)

1.00 (0.86, 1.17)

Fe (498 ng/m3)

1.00 (1.00,1.00)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

Cr (9 ng/m3)

1.08** (1.06, 1.11)

1.06 (0.97, 1.15)

1.07 (0.97, 1.17)

1.03 (0.94, 1.12)

Zn (72 ng/m3)

1.00 (0.81, 1.33)

1.15 (0.87, 1.54)

0.81 (0.39, 1.65)

0.93 (0.70, 1.24)

  1. Models adjusted for maternal asthma, child’s sex, child’s age, SES status and PM10 concentration
  2. *p <0.05
  3. **p <0.01
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