Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression analysis for factors associated with diagnosis of acute kidney injury

Age (years old)

 <65

Reference

 65-74

1.49

0.87 – 2.57

 75-84

2.26

1.34 – 3.80

 ≥85

2.64

1.48 – 4.68

Sex (Male/Female)

1.75

1.23 – 2.49

Smoking history

 Non-smoker

Reference

 Ex-smoker

0.94

0.65 – 1.35

 Current smoker

1.50

0.87 –2.58

Co-diagnosis of COPD (Yes/No)

1.18

0.85 – 1.63

Outpatient eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

 > 60

Reference

 45-60

2.44

1.54 – 3.86

 30-45

7.42

4.46 – 12.34

 15-30

10.73

5.35 – 21.53

 No measurement

1.55

0.99 – 2.42

History of AKI (Yes/No)

1.93

1.23 – 3.03

Chronic conditions (Yes/No)

 Heart failure

1.06

0.69 – 1.63

 Cirrhosis

1.50

0.25 – 9.16

 Diabetes

1.38

0.94 – 2.02

 Dementia

0.92

0.44 – 1.93

 Prostatic hypertrophy

1.28

0.79 – 2.08

Drugs with nephrotoxic potential (Yes/No)

 NSAIDs

0.95

0.66 – 1.36

 Aminoglycosides nebuliser

6.15

0.43 – 87.59

 Aminoglycosides injection

3.90

0.98 – 15.58

 ACEI or ARBs

1.34

0.94 – 1.92

 Diuretics

1.19

0.84 – 1.70

Sepsis diagnosis (Yes/No)

18.32

10.04 – 33.41