N = 431 | 1st Quartile (≤0.979) | 2nd Quartile (>0.979, ≤ 1.069) | 3rd Quartile (>1.069, ≤ 1.182) | 4th Quartile (>1.182) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | 41.44 ± 6.2 | 40.02 ± 5.5 | 41.09 ± 6.6 | 41.88 ± 6.9 | 0.163 |
Sex: male (%) | 50 (46.3)a | 77 (71.3)b | 86 (79.6)b,c | 99 (91.7)c | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.66 ± 3.4a,b | 23.51 ± 2.7a | 23.81 ± 2.8a,b | 24.64 ± 2.6b | 0.021 |
SBP (mmHg) | 109.54 ± 12.3a | 113.52 ± 12.9a,b | 114.63 ± 11.4b | 116.26b ± 10.5b | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 70.83 ± 10.1a | 72.59 ± 9.5a,b | 73.98 ± 9.2a,b | 75.05 ± 8.4b | 0.007 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 93.69 ± 10.6 | 93.74 ± 8.9 | 97.05 ± 15.0 | 95.05 ± 13.9 | 0.156 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 207.75 ± 37.0 | 198.38 ± 35.0 | 203.19 ± 35.1 | 204.04 ± 36.9 | 0.296 |
TG (mg/dL) | 123.58 ± 159.9 | 135.86 ± 92.8 | 142.41 ± 91.9 | 155.04 ± 111.8 | 0.260 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 57.07a ± 11.6 | 53.03b ± 12.5 | 53.29ab ± 11.1 | 52.11b ± 9.2 | 0.007 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 119 ± 27.5 | 112.38 ± 27.9 | 116.16 ± 27.5 | 116.26 ± 29.5 | 0.411 |
Fasting insulin (uIU/mL) | 6.87 ± 4.1 | 6.2 ± 2.8 | 6.88 ± 3.5 | 7.28 ± 3.7 | 0.169 |
Percent body fat (%) | 25.73 ± 5.4a | 22.90 ± 5.4b | 22.55 ± 5.6b | 21.84 ± 4.5b | <0.001 |
WHR | 0.86 ± 0.1a,b | 0.86 ± 0.04a | 0.86 ± 0.04a,b | 0.88 ± 0.04b | 0.020 |
HOMA-IR | 1.62 ± 1.2 | 1.45 ± 0.7 | 1.65 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0.248 |
Ln(FABP4) | 2.29 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 2.19 ± 0.5 | 2.19 ± 0.4 | 0.351 |
Smoking (%) | 13 (12.1) | 21 (19.6) | 20 (18.7) | 24 (22.4) | 0.254 |