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Table 4 Within medication group analysis: summary of exacerbation risk factors by medication group

From: Risk factors for COPD exacerbations in inhaled medication users: the COPDGene study biannual longitudinal follow-up prospective cohort

 

TIO/LABA/ICS

TIO

ICS ± LABA

SAB

Younger Age (years)

 

+

  

Doctor's Diagnosis of Asthma

/

+

  

Frequent Cough Symptom

   

+

Female Gender

+

/

+

+

GERD

+

+

+

 

Oxygen Therapy

   

+

Higher Percent Gas Trapping

 

+

  

Prior Pneumonia

+

 

/

 

Higher SGRQ Total Score

+

 

+

 
  1. (+) indicates that the variable was a statistically significant predictor of exacerbator status in the corresponding medication group (see Table 3). (/) indicates that the variable approached statistical significance (p < 0.1). Direction of association is noted in the variable text