Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation to facilitate lung protective ventilation and prevent ventilator-induced lung injury in severe Pneumocystis pneumonia with pneumomediastinum: a case report and short literature review

Table 2 ARDS Berlin definition

Timing:	Within 1 week of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms.
Chest imaging^a:	Bilateral opacities — not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules.
Origin of edema:	Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload.
	Need objective assessment (e.g., echocardiography) to exclude hydrostatic edema if no risk factor present
Oxygenation^b:
• Mild - 200 mm Hg < PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤ 300 mm Hg with PEEP or CPAP ≥5 cm H₂O^c
• Moderate - 100 mm Hg < PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤ 200 mm Hg with PEEP ≥5 cm H₂O
• Severe - PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤ 100 mm Hg with PEEP ≥5 cm H₂O

CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, FiO ₂ fraction of inspired oxygen, PaO ₂ partial pressure of arterial oxygen, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
^aChest radiograph or computed tomography scan
^bIf altitude is higher than 1000 m, the correction factor should be calculated as follows: [PaO₂/FIO₂*(barometric pressure/760)]
^cThis may be delivered noninvasively in the mild acute respiratory distress syndrome group

ISSN: 1471-2466