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Table 1 Prior clinical studies on ENB to aid in the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions

From: Design of a prospective, multicenter, global, cohort study of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy

First author and year

Study design

Number of centers

Number of subjects

Length of follow-up

Diagnostic yield aided by ENB procedures (%)

Pneumothorax (%)

Becker 2005 [6]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

29

N.R.

69.0

3.4

Gildea 2006 [7]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

58

Mean 10.5 months

74.1

3.5

Schwarz 2006 [8]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

13

N.R.

69.2

0.0

Eberhardt 2007a [9]

Prospective, RCT (EBUS only, ENB only, or combined)

Multi-center (2)

39 (ENB alone) 40 (ENB + EBUS)

N.R.

59.0 (ENB alone) 87.5 (ENB + EBUS)

5.0

Eberhardt 2007b [10]

Prospective, single-arm

Multi-center (2)

89

N.R.

67.4

2.2

Makris 2007 [11]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

40

N.R.

62.5

7.5

Wilson 2007 [12]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

222

6 – 18 months

59.9

1.2

Bertoletti 2009 [13]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

53

>18 months

77.4

4.0

Lamprecht 2009 [14]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

13

N.R.

76.9

0.0

Eberhardt 2010 [15]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

53

N.R.

75.5

1.9

Seijo 2010 [16]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

51

N.R.

66.7

0.0

Mahajan 2011 [17]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

48

N.R.

77.0

10.2

Brownback 2012 [18]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

55

N.R.

74.5

0.0

Jensen 2012 [19]

Retrospective, single-arm

Multi-center (5)

92

≥6 months

65.2

3.3

Lamprecht 2012 [20]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

112

N.R.

83.9

1.8

Pearlstein 2012 [21]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

101

2 years

85.1

5.8

Balbo 2013 [22]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

40

N.R.

70.7

0.0

Karnak 2013 [23]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

35

≥2 years

91.4

3.9

Khan 2013 [24]

Prospective, single-arm

Single-center

24

N.R.

75.0

0.0

Mohanasundaram 2013 [25]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

41

≤2 years

89.4

13.0

Loo 2014 [26]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

40

N.R.

94.0

0.0

Odronic 2014 [27]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

91

1 year

85.7

5.3

Bowling 2015 [28]

Retrospective, single-arm

Single-center

107

≥18 months

73.6

2.5

Ost 2015 [29]

Retrospective

Multi-center

39 (ENB a alone) 227 (ENB a + EBUS)

1 year

38.5 (ENB alone) 47.1 (ENB + EBUS)

1.7 %

  1. Acronyms: EBUS endobronchial ultrasound, ENB electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy, RCT randomized controlled trial
  2. aIncludes 252 cases using the superDimensionâ„¢ navigation system, 8 cases using other electromagnetic navigation methods, and 14 cases using CT fluoroscopy. More than one method was used in some patients. In the publication by Ost et al., [29], diagnostic yield included only those cases with a specific malignant or benign diagnosis. If only inflammatory tissue or lymphocytes was obtained, the procedure was considered nondiagnostic