Fig. 4

Outpatient prescription pharmacy utilization during the pre-index period. Adjusted odds of (a) early and (b) late COPD-related rehospitalizations. The early cohort consisted of all patients in whom COPD-related rehospitalization was evaluated 1–30 days post discharge and the late cohort consisted of the subset of patients not rehospitalized early in whom late COPD-related rehospitalization was evaluated (>30 days post discharge to 180 days post-index hospitalization). Each factor was adjusted for sex and age in a logistic regression model. Use is one or more fills unless otherwise indicated. The generic drugs include only non-injectable National Drug Code (NDC)-based drug claims appearing in the pharmacy database. All claims are collapsed by generic name, regardless of administration route. Only drugs used by ≥5 % of patients are reported. ^aAntibiotics were only counted where they occur on or within 3 days following a respiratory-related diagnosis. Data are number of patients (%) or mean ± SD. CI, confidence interval