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Table 1 Characteristics of participants with and without COPD in the years 2000, 2005, and 2010

From: Time trends in leisure time physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index in Danish adults with and without COPD

Variable

2000

2005

2010

p

Participants (n (%))

 COPD females

265 (55.3)

289 (59.2)

312 (47.9)

 

 COPD males

214 (44.7)

199 (40.8)

339 (52.1)

 

 Non-COPD females

7141 (51.1)

6500 (51.4)

6385 (53.5)

 

 Non-COPD males

6840 (48.9)

6148 (48.6)

5556 (46.5)

 

Age (years)

 COPD females

59.5 ± 15.1***

61.6 ± 12.8***

63.3 ± 12.9***

0.004

 COPD males

62.8 ± 15.3***

64.6 ± 12.2***

64.3 ± 12.8***

0.296

 Non-COPD females

50.4 ± 16.7

51.7 ± 16.4

51.9 ± 15.2

<0.001

 Non-COPD males

49.4 ± 15.6

50.6 ± 15.4

52.7 ± 14.8

<0.001

Marital status (n (%))

COPD females

0.207

 Married/living with partner

140 (53.2)***

159 (55.2)***

184 (60.3)***

 

 Living alone

123 (46.8)***

129 (44.8)***

121 (39.7)***

 

COPD males

0.039

 Married/living with partner

139 (65.0)***

152 (76.4)

234 (70.5)***

 

 Living alone

75 (35.0)***

47 (23.6)

98 (29.5)***

 

Non-COPD females

<0.001

 Married/living with partner

5101 (71.8)

4699 (72.3)

4689 (75.1)

 

 Living alone

2004 (28.2)

1801 (27.7)

1551 (24.9)

 

Non-COPD males

<0.001

 Married/living with partner

5260 (77.1)

4828 (78.2)

4466 (81.3)

 

 Living alone

1560 (22.9)

1316 (21.4)

1029 (18.7)

Educational level (n (%))

COPD females

<0.001

  < 10 years

133 (50.6)***

145 (50.9)***

113 (37.9)***

 

 10-12 years

117 (44.5)***

117 (41.1)***

135 (45.3)***

 

 13+ years

13 (4.9)***

23 (16.8)***

50 (16.8)***

 

COPD males

<0.001

  < 10 years

88 (41.7)***

52 (26.4)***

91 (27.5)***

 

 10-12 years

105 (49.8)***

117 (59.4)***

177 (53.5)***

 

 13+ years

18 (8.5)***

28 (14.2)***

63 (19.0)***

 

Non-COPD females

<0.001

  < 10 years

1944 (27.5)

1442 (22.5)

906 (14.6)

 

 10-12 years

3664 (51.8)

3259 (50.8)

3012 (48.5)

 

 13+ years

1464 (20.7)

1709 (26.7)

2293 (36.9)

 

Non-COPD males

<0.001

  < 10 years

1405 (20.8)

982 (16.2)

676 (12.4)

 

 10-12 years

3931 (58.1)

3612 (59.8)

2999 (55.1)

 

 13+ years

1431 (21.1)

1450 (24.0)

1767 (32.5)

 

Leisure time physical activity (n (%))

COPD females

0.002

 Moderate/highly active

161 (62.2)***

206 (72.3)***

231 (75.5)***

 

 Inactive

98 (37.8)***

79 (27.7)***

75 (24.5)***

 

COPD males

0.002

 Moderate/highly active

129 (60.8)***

147 (76.6)***

241 (71.7)***

 

 Inactive

83 (39.2)***

45 (23.4)***

95 (28.3)***

 

Non-COPD females

<0.001

 Moderate/highly active

5876 (83.2)

5639 (87.5)

5610 (88.6)

 

 Inactive

1190 (16.8)

809 (12.5)

724 (11.4)

 

Non-COPD males

<0.001

 Moderate/highly active

5719 (84.5)

5285 (87.0)

4900 (88.6)

 

 Inactive

1051 (15.5)

793 (13.0)

630 (11.4)

 

Daily smokers (n (%))

 COPD females

154 (58.1)***

154 (53.5)***

127 (41.5)***

<0.001

 COPD males

123 (57.5)***

89 (44.9)***

161 (48.1)***

0.026

 Non-COPD females

2260 (31.6)

1752 (26.9)

1152 (18.5)

<0.001

 Non-COPD males

2480 (36.3)

1944 (31.6)

1115 (20.3)

<0.001

Exceeding alcohol limits (n (%))

 COPD females

24 (9.1)

32 (11.1)

33 (11.8)***

0.576

 COPD males

37 (17.3)

49 (24.7)**

77 (23.8)***

0.123

 Non-COPD females

576 (8.1)

708 (10.9)

389 (6.3)

<0.001

 Non-COPD males

936 (13.7)

1057 (17.2)

672 (12.4)

<0.001

Body mass index (kg · m−2)

 COPD females

24.7 ± 5.1

24.8 ± 5.8

25.7 ± 5.6*

0.056

 COPD males

25.7 ± 4.4

26.9 ± 5.1*

26.9 ± 4.9

0.007

 Non-COPD females

24.3 ± 4.3

24.7 ± 4.5

25.0 ± 4.9

<0.001

 Non-COPD males

25.7 ± 3.6

26.0 ± 3.8

26.4 ± 4.2

<0.001

Obesity, BMI ≥30 kg · m−2 (n (%))

 COPD females

43 (16.6)***

41 (14.3)

56 (18.8)**

0.342

 COPD males

28 (13.2)

42 (21.4)***

69 (20.7)**

0.050

 Non-COPD females

681 (9.8)

742 (11.5)

827 (13.3)

<0.001

 Non-COPD males

708 (10.4)

754 (12.3)

795 (14.5)

<0.001

  1. Data are presented as numbers (percentages) or the mean ± SD. Time changes in categorical data were compared using Chi [2] and time changes in continues data were compared using one-way ANOVA. Participants with COPD significantly different from participants without COPD tested using a Student’s t-test for continuous data, and Chi [2] test for categorical data, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001