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Table 2 Cox proportional hazard model for association between sleep disorders and mortality

From: Are sleep disorders associated with increased mortality in asthma patients?

 

HR

95% CI

P-value

Lower

Upper

 

Sleep disorder

 Yes

1.451

1.253

1.681

<0.0001

 No

1.000

-

-

-

Sex

 Male

2.002

1.893

2.117

<0.0001

 Female

1.000

-

-

-

Age (years)

 ≤19

1.000

-

-

-

 20–29

2.865

1.809

4.540

<0.0001

 30–39

5.823

4.192

8.088

<0.0001

 40–49

14.144

10.603

18.866

<0.0001

 50–59

24.786

17.431

35.243

<0.0001

 60–69

57.397

39.115

84.224

<0.0001

 ≥70

207.336

138.828

309.651

<0.0001

Income (percentile)

 ≤10 (low)

1.375

1.228

1.540

<0.0001

 11–20

1.390

1.219

1.585

<0.0001

 21–30

1.439

1.267

1.634

<0.0001

 31–40

1.476

1.306

1.668

<0.0001

 41–50

1.289

1.136

1.461

<0.0001

 51–60

1.337

1.185

1.507

<0.0001

 61–70

1.240

1.101

1.396

0.0004

 71–80

1.227

1.098

1.371

0.0003

 81–90

1.102

0.994

1.221

0.0651

 ≥91 (high)

1.000

-

-

-

Insurance coverage

 Medical aid

1.546

1.317

1.814

<0.0001

 NHI, self-employed insured

1.126

1.061

1.195

<0.0001

 NHI, employee insured

1.000

-

-

-

Year of asthma diagnosis

 2004

1.000

-

-

-

 2005

0.884

0.808

0.967

0.0069

 2006

0.765

0.694

0.844

<0.0001

 2007

0.859

0.776

0.951

0.0035

 2008

0.770

0.692

0.858

<0.0001

 2009

0.784

0.697

0.882

<0.0001

 2010

0.637

0.552

0.734

<0.0001

 2011

0.603

0.518

0.702

<0.0001

 2012

0.603

0.501

0.727

<0.0001

 2013

0.671

0.487

0.925

0.0148

Disability

 None

1.000

-

-

-

 Mild

1.214

1.113

1.326

<0.0001

 Severe

2.909

2.580

3.280

<0.0001

Charlson comorbidity index

 ≤1

1.000

-

-

-

 2

1.437

1.122

1.840

0.0041

 3

1.568

1.169

2.105

0.0027

 ≥4

2.019

1.467

2.779

<0.0001

Average annual pharmaceutical expenditures for asthma (per 10,000 KRW increase)

1.003

1.000

1.005

0.018

Region

 Metropolitan

0.965

0.897

1.039

0.3419

 Other

1.000

-

-

-

Number of medical centers per 1000 residents (per 5 increase)

1.016

0.987

1.047

0.2789

Population size (per 100,000 increase in population)

0.977

0.962

0.992

0.0029

Proportion of seniors (per 10% increase)

0.940

0.883

1.000

0.0502

Financial independence rate of local government (per 10% increase)

0.978

0.961

0.996

0.0166

  1. CI confidence interval; HR hazard ratio; NHI National Health Insurance; KRW Korean Won