From: Are sleep disorders associated with increased mortality in asthma patients?
HR | 95% CI | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||
Sleep disorder | ||||
Yes | 1.451 | 1.253 | 1.681 | <0.0001 |
No | 1.000 | - | - | - |
Sex | ||||
Male | 2.002 | 1.893 | 2.117 | <0.0001 |
Female | 1.000 | - | - | - |
Age (years) | ||||
≤19 | 1.000 | - | - | - |
20–29 | 2.865 | 1.809 | 4.540 | <0.0001 |
30–39 | 5.823 | 4.192 | 8.088 | <0.0001 |
40–49 | 14.144 | 10.603 | 18.866 | <0.0001 |
50–59 | 24.786 | 17.431 | 35.243 | <0.0001 |
60–69 | 57.397 | 39.115 | 84.224 | <0.0001 |
≥70 | 207.336 | 138.828 | 309.651 | <0.0001 |
Income (percentile) | ||||
≤10 (low) | 1.375 | 1.228 | 1.540 | <0.0001 |
11–20 | 1.390 | 1.219 | 1.585 | <0.0001 |
21–30 | 1.439 | 1.267 | 1.634 | <0.0001 |
31–40 | 1.476 | 1.306 | 1.668 | <0.0001 |
41–50 | 1.289 | 1.136 | 1.461 | <0.0001 |
51–60 | 1.337 | 1.185 | 1.507 | <0.0001 |
61–70 | 1.240 | 1.101 | 1.396 | 0.0004 |
71–80 | 1.227 | 1.098 | 1.371 | 0.0003 |
81–90 | 1.102 | 0.994 | 1.221 | 0.0651 |
≥91 (high) | 1.000 | - | - | - |
Insurance coverage | ||||
Medical aid | 1.546 | 1.317 | 1.814 | <0.0001 |
NHI, self-employed insured | 1.126 | 1.061 | 1.195 | <0.0001 |
NHI, employee insured | 1.000 | - | - | - |
Year of asthma diagnosis | ||||
2004 | 1.000 | - | - | - |
2005 | 0.884 | 0.808 | 0.967 | 0.0069 |
2006 | 0.765 | 0.694 | 0.844 | <0.0001 |
2007 | 0.859 | 0.776 | 0.951 | 0.0035 |
2008 | 0.770 | 0.692 | 0.858 | <0.0001 |
2009 | 0.784 | 0.697 | 0.882 | <0.0001 |
2010 | 0.637 | 0.552 | 0.734 | <0.0001 |
2011 | 0.603 | 0.518 | 0.702 | <0.0001 |
2012 | 0.603 | 0.501 | 0.727 | <0.0001 |
2013 | 0.671 | 0.487 | 0.925 | 0.0148 |
Disability | ||||
None | 1.000 | - | - | - |
Mild | 1.214 | 1.113 | 1.326 | <0.0001 |
Severe | 2.909 | 2.580 | 3.280 | <0.0001 |
Charlson comorbidity index | ||||
≤1 | 1.000 | - | - | - |
2 | 1.437 | 1.122 | 1.840 | 0.0041 |
3 | 1.568 | 1.169 | 2.105 | 0.0027 |
≥4 | 2.019 | 1.467 | 2.779 | <0.0001 |
Average annual pharmaceutical expenditures for asthma (per 10,000 KRW increase) | 1.003 | 1.000 | 1.005 | 0.018 |
Region | ||||
Metropolitan | 0.965 | 0.897 | 1.039 | 0.3419 |
Other | 1.000 | - | - | - |
Number of medical centers per 1000 residents (per 5 increase) | 1.016 | 0.987 | 1.047 | 0.2789 |
Population size (per 100,000 increase in population) | 0.977 | 0.962 | 0.992 | 0.0029 |
Proportion of seniors (per 10% increase) | 0.940 | 0.883 | 1.000 | 0.0502 |
Financial independence rate of local government (per 10% increase) | 0.978 | 0.961 | 0.996 | 0.0166 |