Table 3 General characteristics of subjects according to tertiles of major dietary patterns
From: Dietary patterns are associated with lung function among Spanish smokers without respiratory disease
| Â | Alcohol-consumption pattern | Westernised pattern | Mediterranean-like pattern | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |
All, n = 207 | |||||||||
Subjects (%) | 69 (33.3) | 69 (33.3) | 69 (33.3) | 69 (33.3) | 69 (33.3) | 69 (33.3) | 69 (33.3) | 69 (33.3) | 69 (33.3) |
Age (year) | 49.7 ± 8.4 | 50.7 ± 8.6 | 51.8 ± 9.9 | 53.4 ± 8.6 | 52.2 ± 8.1 | 46.6 ± 8.8#,¥ | 52.5 ± 9.0 | 50.5 ± 8.2 | 49.1 ± 9.5 |
Anthropometric measures | |||||||||
 Weight (kg) Weight (kg) | 75.6 ± 15.7 | 73.9 ± 18.5 | 74.3 ± 15.0 | 76.5 ± 15.9 | 74.5 ± 16.1 | 72.9 ± 17.2 | 74.2 ± 16.2 | 77.4 ± 16.0 | 72.2 ± 17.0 |
 Height (cm) | 162.3 ± 9.2 | 163.9 ± 9.9 | 166.5 ± 9.0# | 162.4 ± 9.2 | 164.0 ± 9.7 | 166.2 ± 9.3 | 163.1 ± 9.8 | 165.0 ± 10.0 | 164.6 ± 8.6 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 5.2 | 27.4 ± 5.7 | 26.7 ± 4.5 | 28.9 ± 5.1 | 27.6 ± 4.8 | 26.3 ± 5.4# | 27.8 ± 4.9 | 28.4 ± 5.3 | 26.5 ± 5.2 |
 Waist circumference (cm) | 96.8 ± 13.8 | 93.7 ± 14.1 | 94.7 ± 12.1 | 97.4 ± 12.8 | 95.9 ± 13.2 | 91.9 ± 13.7# | 96.3 ± 12.5 | 96.6 ± 14.3 | 92.4 ± 13.0 |
Socioeconomic status | |||||||||
 Low | 24 (34.8) | 28 (40.5) | 21 (30.4) | 25 (36.2) | 24 (34.7) | 24 (34.7) | 24 (34.7) | 22 (31.8) | 27 (39.1) |
 Medium | 32 (46.4) | 27 (39.1) | 25 (36.2) | 32 (46.3) | 29 (42.0) | 23 (33.3) | 24 (34.8) | 35 (50.7) | 25 (36.2) |
 High | 3 (4.3) | 8 (11.6) | 16 (23.2) | 9 (13.0) | 8 (11.6) | 10 (14.5) | 14 (20.3) | 5 (7.2) | 8 (11.6) |
Physical Activity | |||||||||
 Sedentary | 36 (52.2) | 32 (46.4) | 35 (50.7) | 36 (52.2) | 34 (49.3) | 33 (47.8) | 42 (60.9) | 36 (52.2) | 25 (36.2) |
 Moderate | 27 (39.1) | 33 (47.8) | 28 (40.6) | 26 (37.7) | 33 (47.8) | 29 (42.0) | 26 (37.7) | 24 (34.8) | 38 (55.1) |
 Intense | 6 (8.7) | 4 (5.8) | 6 (8.7) | 7 (10.1) | 2 (2.9) | 7 (10.1) | 1 (1.4) | 9 (13.0) | 6 (8.7) |
Smoking | |||||||||
 Cumulative consumption (packets-year) | 27.8 ± 17.1 | 25.4 ± 13.4 | 28.0 ± 18.0 | 26.9 ± 16.9 | 29.4 ± 15.7 | 24.8 ± 16.0 | 29.0 ± 15.3 | 28.1 ± 15.9 | 24.1 ± 17.3 |
Lung function parameters | |||||||||
 FVC, % of predicted | 94.8 ± 14.9 | 94.3 ± 19.2 | 89.6 ± 17.0 | 92.4 ± 17.2 | 91.2 ± 15.7 | 95.1 ± 18.6 | 92.2 ± 17.8 | 93.6 ± 18.2 | 92.9 ± 15.6 |
 FEV1, % of predicted | 98.9 ± 14.7 | 97.3 ± 19.2 | 93.1 ± 19.2 | 96.9 ± 18.3 | 95.7 ± 17.4 | 96.8 ± 18.3 | 95.7 ± 19.3 | 96.6 ± 18.5 | 97.0 ± 16.0 |
 FEV1/FVC ratio (%) | 80.1 ± 6.6 | 78.8 ± 6.1 | 78.7 ± 8.0 | 79.4 ± 6.9 | 79.5 ± 6.7 | 78.7 ± 7.3 | 78.7 ± 6.7 | 78.7 ± 6.6 | 80.3 ± 7.5 |
Women, n = 116 | |||||||||
 Subjects (%) | 49 (42.2) | 40 (34.5) | 27 (23.3) | 45 (38.8) | 38 (32.8) | 33 (28.4) | 41 (35.3) | 37 (31.9) | 38 (32.8) |
 Age (year) | 49.1 ± 9.0 | 50.4 ± 7.9 | 49.9 ± 9.1 | 51.5 ± 8.4 | 51.5 ± 8.1 | 45.2 ± 7.8#,¥ | 51.0 ± 9.1 | 51.2 ± 6.6 | 46.9 ± 9.1 |
Anthropometric measures | |||||||||
 Weight (kg) | 71.6 ± 12.9 | 65.2 ± 14.2 | 63.1 ± 11.8# | 70.4 ± 14.6 | 67.4 ± 13.3 | 63.5 ± 11.6 | 68.6 ± 14.0 | 70.8 ± 15.1 | 62.9 ± 10.2,¥ |
 Height (cm) | 158.3 ± 7.1 | 158.5 ± 7.9 | 158.6 ± 4.6 | 158.1 ± 7.9 | 158.3 ± 7.0 | 159.1 ± 5.2 | 157.6 ± 7.1 | 159.0 ± 7.7 | 158.9 ± 5.8 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 5.0 | 26.1 ± 5.8 | 25.1 ± 4.5# | 28.2 ± 5.5 | 27.0 ± 5.4 | 25.2 ± 4.9# | 27.6 ± 5.2 | 28.2 ± 6.2 | 25.0 ± 4.2,¥ |
 Waist circumference (cm) | 95.4 ± 13.4 | 89.8 ± 13.8 | 88.4 ± 11.7 | 94.2 ± 13.4 | 93.2 ± 13.3 | 87.0 ± 12.9 | 93.6 ± 13.1 | 93.8 ± 14.9 | 88.0 ± 11.7 |
Socioeconomic status | |||||||||
 Low | 16 (32.6) | 15 (37.5) | 11 (40.7) | 17 (37.7) | 13 (34.3) | 12 (36.4) | 14 (34.2) | 11 (29.7) | 17 (44.7) |
 Medium | 24 (49.0) | 16 (40) | 6 (22.2) | 20 (44.4) | 17 (44.8) | 9 (27.3) | 16 (39) | 17 (45.9) | 16 (39) |
 High | 2 (4.0) | 5 (12.5) | 5 (18.5) | 6 (13.3) | 2 (5.3) | 4 (12.1) | 7 (17.1) | 2 (5.4) | 7 (17.1) |
Physical Activity | |||||||||
 Sedentary | 29 (59.2) | 22 (55.0) | 17 (63.0) | 26 (57.8) | 24 (63.2) | 18 (54.5) | 27 (65.9) | 28 (75.7) | 27 (65.9) |
 Moderate | 18 (36.7) | 16 (40.0) | 9 (33.3) | 16 (35.6) | 14 (36.8) | 13 (39.4) | 13 (31.7) | 8 (21.6) | 13 (31.7) |
 Intense | 2 (4.1) | 2 (5.0) | 1 (3.7) | 3 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (2.4) |
Smoking | |||||||||
 Cumulative consumption (packets-year) | 24.0 ± 14.6 | 23.8 ± 11.1 | 22.8 ± 15.3 | 24.0 ± 15.0 | 25.8 ± 12.8 | 20.8 ± 12.1 | 24.5 ± 11.9 | 24.8 ± 12.7 | 21.6 ± 15.8 |
Lung function parameters | |||||||||
 FVC, % | 95.9 ± 15.4 | 98.9 ± 20.6 | 93.3 ± 16.6 | 97.8 ± 16.4 | 94.1 ± 14.9 | 96.9 ± 21.9 | 96.4 ± 17.9 | 97.8 ± 17.8 | 94.8 ± 17.4 |
 FEV1, % | 100.1 ± 15.4 | 100.3 ± 20.7 | 96.8 ± 22.1 | 102.3 ± 17.4 | 98.0 ± 17.9 | 97.0 ± 21.7 | 99.8 ± 20.1 | 99.2 ± 18.9 | 99.2 ± 17.9 |
 FEV1/FVC ratio (%) | 80.7 ± 7.3 | 78.1 ± 7.0 | 79.3 ± 9.6 | 80.1 ± 7.7 | 79.4 ± 7.6 | 78.6 ± 8.4 | 79.2 ± 7.7 | 77.6 ± 7.4 | 81.5 ± 8.1 |
Men, n = 91 | |||||||||
 Subjects (%) | 20 (22.0) | 29 (31.9) | 42 (46.2) | 24 (26.4) | 31 (34.1) | 36 (39.6) | 28 (30.8) | 32 (35.2) | 31 (34.1) |
 Age (year) | 51.2 ± 6.7 | 51.1 ± 9.7 | 53.1 ± 10.4 | 56.9 ± 8.0 | 53.0 ± 8.2 | 47.9 ± 9.6# | 54.9 ± 8.5 | 49.6 ± 9.8 | 51.9 ± 9.4 |
Anthropometric measures | |||||||||
 Weight (kg) | 85.4 ± 17.9 | 85.8 ± 17.2 | 81.5 ± 12.2 | 87.9 ± 11.7 | 83.2 ± 15.0 | 81.5 ± 17.2 | 82.5 ± 15.8 | 85.0 ± 13.5 | 83.6 ± 16.6 |
 Height (cm) | 172.0 ± 6.0 | 171.2 ± 7.3 | 171.5 ± 7.3 | 170.5 ± 4.9 | 171.0 ± 7.9 | 172.7 ± 7.3 | 171.1 ± 7.4 | 171.9 ± 7.6 | 171.5 ± 6.1 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 5.6 | 29.2 ± 5.1 | 27.8 ± 4.2 | 30.3 ± 3.8 | 28.3 ± 4.0 | 27.3 ± 5.7 | 28.1 ± 4.5 | 28.8 ± 4.2 | 28.4 ± 5.7 |
 Waist circumference (cm) | 100.4 ± 14.6 | 99.1 ± 12.8 | 98.8 ± 10.6 | 103.4 ± 9.1 | 99.3 ± 12.5 | 96.4 ± 13.0 | 100.1 ± 10.6 | 99.9 ± 13.0 | 97.7 ± 12.7 |
Socioeconomic status | |||||||||
 Low | 8 (40.0) | 13 (44.8) | 10 (23.8) | 8 (33.4) | 11 (35.5) | 13 (33.3) | 10 (35.7) | 11 (34.7) | 10 (32.3) |
 Medium | 8 (40.0) | 11 (37.9) | 19 (45.2) | 12 (50.0) | 12 (38.7) | 14 (38.9) | 8 (28.6) | 18 (56.2) | 12 (38.8) |
 High | 1 (5.0) | 3 (10.3) | 11 (26.2) | 3 (12.5) | 6 (19.4) | 6 (16.7) | 7 (25) | 3 (9.4) | 5 (16.2) |
Physical Activity | |||||||||
 Sedentary | 7 (35.0) | 10 (34.5) | 18 (42.9) | 10 (41.7) | 10 (32.3) | 15 (41.7) | 15 (53.6) | 8 (25.0) | 12 (38.7) |
 Moderate | 9 (45.0) | 17 (58.6) | 19 (45.2) | 10 (41.7) | 19 (61.3) | 16 (44.4) | 13 (46.4) | 16 (50.0) | 16 (51.6) |
 Intense | 4 (20.0) | 2 (6.9) | 5 (11.9) | 4 (16.7) | 2 (6.5) | 5 (13.9) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (25.0) | 3 (9.7) |
Smoking | |||||||||
 Cumulative consumption (packets-year) | 37.1 ± 19.6 | 27.6 ± 16.0 | 31.3 ± 19.0 | 32.4 ± 19.2 | 33.9 ± 17.9 | 28.5 ± 18.4 | 35.6 ± 17.4 | 31.9 ± 18.5 | 27.1 ± 18.7 |
Lung function parameters | |||||||||
 FVC, % of predicted | 92.1 ± 13.3 | 87.9 ± 15.4 | 87.2 ± 17.0 | 82.3 ± 14.1 | 87.6 ± 16.1 | 93.4 ± 15.2# | 86.0 ± 16.1 | 88.8 ± 17.7 | 90.5 ± 13.1 |
 FEV1, % of predicted | 96.1 ± 12.7 | 93.2 ± 16.5 | 90.7 ± 17.0 | 86.7 ± 15.6 | 92.8 ± 16.5 | 96.5 ± 14.9 | 89.7 ± 16.7 | 93.6 ± 17.9 | 94.4 ± 13.0 |
 FEV1/FVC ratio (%) | 78.8 ± 4.3 | 79.9 ± 4.5 | 78.3 ± 6.9 | 78.1 ± 5.2 | 79.6 ± 5.5 | 78.8 ± 6.3 | 77.9 ± 4.8 | 80.0 ± 5.4 | 78.7 ± 6.7 |