From: Symptom profiles and inflammatory markers in moderate to severe COPD
 | Mean (95% CI) for Total Sample | Class 1 Low-Phys/Low-Psych | Class 2 Low-Phys/Mod-Psych | Class 3 High-Phys/Mod-Psych | Class 4 High-Phys/High-Psych | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n = 302 | (n = 80) | (n = 55) | (n = 77) | (n = 90) |  |
Interleukin-1 (IL-1), pg/mL | 0.6 (0.2,1.5) | 18 (23%) | 16 (29%) | 19 (25%) | 25 (28%) | 0.80 |
Interleukin-2 (IL-2), pg/mL | 2.7 (1.0,7.1) | 18 (23%) | 18 (33%) | 20 (26%) | 22 (24%) | 0.59 |
Interleukin-4 (IL-4), pg/mL | 17.3 (7.1, 42.3) | 22 (28%) | 15 (27%) | 16 (21%) | 25 (28%) | 0.71 |
Interleukin-5 (IL-5), pg/mL | 0.9 (0.4,1.9) | 20 (25%) | 13 (24%) | 18 (23%) | 26 (29%) | 0.84 |
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), pg/mL | 2.9 (1.8, 5.0) | 22 (28%) | 16 (29%) | 23 (30%) | 16 (18%) | 0.25 |
Interleukin-7 (IL-7), pg/mL | 2.4 (1.1, 4.7) | 29 (36%) | 12 (22%) | 17 (22%) | 19 (21%) | 0.08 |
Interleuken-8 (IL-8), pg/mL | 3.7 (2.7, 5.7) | 27 (34%) | 17 (31%) | 17 (22%) | 17 (19%) | 0.10 |
Interleukin-10 (IL-10), pg/mL | 18.3 (10.5, 37.4) | 24 (30%) | 14 (25%) | 18 (23%) | 21 (23%) | 0.74 |
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), pg/mL | 3.9 (1.8, 8.4) | 22 (28%) | 17 (31%) | 15 (19%) | 23 (26%) | 0.48 |
Interleukin-13 (IL-13), pg/mL | 0.5 (0.1, 3.9) | 20 (25%) | 18 (33%) | 20 (26%) | 20 (22%) | 0.57 |
Interferon (IFN), pg/mL | 9.2 (4.1, 21.0) | 19 (24%) | 17 (31%) | 16 (21%) | 25 (28%) | 0.55 |
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), pg/mL | 2.8 (1.3, 6.9) | 20 (25%) | 17 (31%) | 17 (22%) | 23 (26%) | 0.72 |
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), pg/mL | 4.7 (3.3, 6.8) | 25 (31%) | 14 (25%) | 21 (27%) | 17 (19%) | 0.31 |
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), mg/L | 3.2 (1.5, 6.0) | 42 (52%) | 33 (60%) | 23 (31%) | 43 (48%) | 0.005†∫∞ |