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Table 3 Multivariate linear regression analysis of lung function and anthropometric parameters, overall and separately for men and women

From: Adiposity markers and lung function in smokers: a cross-sectional study in a Mediterranean population

Variables

Male

Female

All

β

95% CI

p values

β

95% CI

p values

β

95% CI

p values

FVC % Predicted

 Waist-to-height

−61.48

−98.00, −24,96

0.001

−14.76

−36.94, 7.41

0.190

−26.8

−46.61, −6.93

0.002

 Waist circumference

−0.39

−0.60, −0.18

<0.001

−0.07

−0.21 0.07

0.328

−0.22

−0.34, −0.10

<0.001

 BMI, continuous

−0.79

−1.19, −0.39

<0.001

−0.37

−0.67, −0.07

0.016

−0.59

−0.83, −0.34

<0.001

BMI categorizationa

   < 25.0 kg/m2

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  25.0–29.9 kg/m2

−4.67

−8.67, −0.66

0.023

−1.51

−4.94, 1.92

0.388

−4.21

−6.81, −1.60

0.002

   ≥ 30.0 kg/m2

−9.19

−13.82, −4.54

<0.001

−3.21

−7.45, 1.04

0.138

−67.25

−10.38, −4.13

<0.001

FEV1 % Predicted

 Waist-to-height

−59.91

−102.94, −16.88

0.007

−2.99

−27.32, 21.34

0.808

−16.94

−39.77, 5.88

0.145

 Waist circumference

−0.40

−0.65, −0.15

0.002

−0.02

−0.17, 0.13

0.787

−0.20

−0.33, −0.06

0.005

 BMI, continuous

−0.52

−0.99, −0.05

0.029

−0.10

−0.41, 0.22

0.547

−0.32

−0.59, −0.04

0.024

BMI categorizationa

   < 25.0 kg/m2

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  25.0–29.9 kg/m2

−0.78

−5.52, 3.96

0.609

1.43

−2.18, 5.04

0.436

−1.01

−3.95, 1.93

0.502

   ≥ 30.0 kg/m2

−5.39

−10.87, 0.99

0.054

0.08

−4.38, 4.54

0.971

−2.77

−6.25, 0.70

0.118

FEV1/FVC ratio

 Waist-to-height

1.13

−17.93, 20.20

0.907

11.58

1.46, 21.70

0.025

9.58

−0.16, 19.32

0.054

 Waist circumference

0.01

−0.10, 0.12

0.917

0.05

−0.01, 0.12

0.113

0.02

−0.04, 0.08

0.512

 BMI, continuous

0.24

0.11, 0.38

<0.001

0.31

0.11, 0.50

0.002

0.26

0.14, 0.37

<0.001

BMI categorizationa

   < 25.0 kg/m2

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  25.0–29.9 kg/m2

3.76

1.79, 5.73

<0.001

2.23

0.71, 3.75

0.004

2.43

1.20, 3.65

<0.001

   ≥ 30.0 kg/m2

3.81

1.53, 6.09

0.001

3.10

1.17, 4.93

0.002

2.89

1.42, 4.36

<0.001

  1. Adjusted by social class, smoking cumulative consumption, physical activity, alcohol consumption, medical history hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia
  2. FVC Forced vital capacity, FEV1 Maximum expiratory volume in the first second of a forced exhalation; β: regression coefficient for each exposure variable, CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index
  3. aAccording to the WHO classifications of body weight: normal weight (<25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30.0 kg/m2) [7]
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