Table 1 Risk factors for inpatient-mortality among adults hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection, South Africa, 2010–2011 (N = 1356)
Risk factor | Cases with available data (N = 1356) | Died N = 101, No. (%) | Discharged N = 1255, No. (%) | p-value* | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age ≥ 45 years† | 1356 | 67 (66.3) | 561 (44.7) | <0.001 | 2.4 (1.6–3.7) | 2.5 (1.4–4.2) |
Male | 1356 | 49 (48.5) | 464 (37.0) | 0.0214 | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) |
Medical condition | ||||||
HIV | 1325 | 87/98 (88.8) | 932/1227 (76.0) | 0.0038 | 2.5 (1.3–4.8) | 2.9 (1.2–6.9) |
Asthma | 1356 | 2 (2) | 82 (6.5) | 0.0678 | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | − |
Diabetes | 1356 | 3 (3) | 43 (3.4) | 1.0 | 0.9 (0.3–2.8) | − |
Cardiovascular§ | 1356 | 2 (2) | 41 (3.2) | 0.77 | 0.6 (0.1–2.5) | − |
Emphysema | 1356 | 1 (1) | 22 (1.8) | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.1–4.2) | − |
Cancer | 1356 | 0 (0) | 10 (0.8) | 1.0 | Not applicable | − |
Other¶ | 1356 | 0 (0) | 18 (1.4) | 0.39 | Not applicable | − |
Clinical Data | ||||||
Confusion** | 1356 | 14 (13.9) | 24 (1.9) | <0.001 | 8.3 (4.1–16.5) | 7.6 (3.0–19.5) |
Received any supplemental oxygen | 1356 | 35 (34.7) | 200 (15.9) | <0.001 | 2.8 (1.8–4.3) | 2.0 (1.2–3.5) |
Temperature ≥38 °C | 1328 | 20/99 (20.2) | 299 (24.3) | 0.355 | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | − |
Respiratory Rate >20 breaths per minute | 1333 | 36/100 (36.0) | 462/1233 (37.5) | 0.770 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | − |
Heart Rate ≥115 beats per minute | 1347 | 50/100 (50.0) | 493/1247 (39.5) | 0.040 | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 1.6 (0.9–2.7) |
Hypotension (Systolic <90 mmHg or diastolic ≤60 mmHg) | 1352 | 24/101 (23.8) | 249/1251 (19.9) | 0.353 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | − |
Serum Sodium <135 mmol/L | 1029 | 54/80 (67.5) | 478/949 (50.4) | 0.003 | 2.0 (1.3–3.3) | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) |
Urea >7 mmol/L | 1029 | 55/80 (68.8) | 274/949 (28.9) | <0.001 | 5.4 (3.3–8.9) | 4.4 (2.5–7.6) |
Serum Creatinine ≥ 106.08 μmol/L | 1028 | 34/80 (42.5) | 190/948 (20.0) | <0.001 | 2.9 (1.8–4.7) | −†† |