IL-8 predicts early mortality in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

Table 3 Relationship between Growth Differentiation Factor 15(GDF-15) and risk of 28-day mortality

GDF-15 on admission vs 28 days follow-up death (Model 1 and 2)
	Continuous GDF-15 analysis (per SD increment)	P-value	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	P for trend
N/N events^b	46/13		15/1	16/3	15/9
HR (95% CI) (age and gender adjusted)	2.76 (1.37–5.56)	0.004	1.0 (ref)	1.21 (0.19–7.77)	3.48 (0.54–22.34)	0.124
HR (95% CI) (age, gender and CRP adjusted)^a	3.48 (1.78–6.80)	<0.001	1.0 (ref)	1.14 (0.16–8.21)	2.65 (0.36–19.41)	0.036

SD standard deviation, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, CRP C-reactive protein
^aBackward elimination model
^bdeath within 28 days from admission

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