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Table 2 Prevalence (per 100 population) of chronic respiratory symptoms among the restaurant workers and the control group

From: Cooking smoke and respiratory symptoms of restaurant workers in Thailand

Health symptoms

Women

Men

Restaurant workers

Controls

RRa (95% CI)

Restaurant workers

Controls

RR (95% CI)

Chronic symptoms

 Dyspnea

52.3

27.5

1.9 (1.5–2.5) b

30.7

10.5

3.1 (1.7–5.7) b

 Stuffy nose

45.8

27.8

1.7 (1.3–2.2) b

48.0

16.9

3.1 (2.0–4.8) b

 Cough

32.5

9.1

3.7 (2.3–5.9) b

32.0

16.3

2.0 (1.3–3.1) b

 Wheeze

25.5

11.5

2.1 (1.4–3.4) b

38.7

3.5

9.9 (4.5–22.0) b

 Phlegm

14.4

5.8

2.5 (1.3–4.8) b

25.3

8.7

2.7 (1.5–5.0) b

 Severe dyspnea

11.4

8.3

1.4 (0.8–2.5)

6.7

6.4

1.4 (0.9–3.4)

Symptoms in the past 30 days

 Coughing

42.5

38.1

1.1 (0.9–1.5)

54.7

43.0

1.3 (1.0–1.8) b

 Having a cold

25.2

22.2

1.1 (0.8–1.6)

29.3

12.8

2.4 (1.4–4.2) b

 Sore throat

25.2

20.8

1.2 (0.9–1.8)

34.7

16.9

2.1 (1.3–3.4) b

 Having sputum

23.8

19.9

1.2 (0.8–1.8)

33.3

16.9

2.2 (1.3–3.5) b

 Allergic symptom

13.1

11.7

1.1 (0.6–1.9)

10.4

6.9

1.4 (0.6–3.5)

 Shortness of breath

10.3

4.5

2.1 (1.0–4.4) b

11.4

5.1

2.2 (0.8–5.9)

 Wheezing

9.2

6.3

1.5 (0.7–3.0)

15.6

3.4

4.8 (1.8–12.7) b

 Nasal irritation

5.9

4.5

1.3 (0.5–3.1)

7.4

4.5

1.5 (0.6–3.8)

 Having any one symptoms

63.1

49.5

1.3 (1.1–1.6) b

73.3

50.0

1.6 (1.3–1.9) b

  1. a Pooled risk ratio (RR) analyzed using Cochran’s Mantel-Haenszel statistic adjusted for age (<40 vs ≥40) and smoking (ever smoked vs. never smoke) and correct zero count by adding 1 to each of the 4 cells
  2. b Significantly different between women and men