Fig. 3
Forest plot of associated effects of serological markers (blue) or patient characteristics (red) to describe (a) baseline FEV1 or (b) predict annual change in FEV1. The number of mL or change in mL/yr. are based on one standard deviation change for serological biomarkers, yes versus no for emphysema, bronchodilator reversibility (bron rev), emphysema, current smoker; per year for age; Female versus male for sex; or kg/m2 for BMI. Number of prior exacerbations (#prior AECOPD) shown here is one versus zero. Data are shown as mean ± standard error range