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Table 2 Changes of clinical data, spirometric variables, and biomarkers in patients with cystic fibrosis after 4 and 8 weeks of glycine or placebo treatment, expressed as percentage of their respective baseline values

From: Effect of oral glycine on the clinical, spirometric and inflammatory status in subjects with cystic fibrosis: a pilot randomized trial

 

Placebo

Glycine

Comparison between groupsa

Variable

Week 4

Week 8

Week 4

Week 8

Week 4

Week 8

Weight

102.7 ± 2.8

103.6 ± 3.6

100.5 ± 3.9

101.6 ± 3.9

0.08

0.13

Height

100.1 ± 0.5

100.5 ± 0.6

100.2 ± 0.4

100.5 ± 0.5

0.28

0.49

Heart rate

109.4 ± 11.9

98.1 ± 10.8

106.2 ± 18.6

103.5 ± 21.7

0.31

0.24

Respiratory rate

116.0 ± 17.1

109.0 ± 23.0

101.4 ± 17.8

94.8 ± 20.0

0.02

0.06

Temperature

100.2 ± 1.6

100.1 ± 1.7

100.4 ± 1.7

100.0 ± 1.0

0.37

0.45

Questionnaireb

 Cough

94.9 ± 41.6

89.1 ± 17.8

100.6 ± 35.4

81.1 ± 45.3

0.35

0.25

 Sputum

100.0 ± 22.3

102.6 ± 36.4

96.4 ± 35.7

82.0 ± 25.4

0.36

0.03

 Appetite

98.7 ± 39.4

132.1 ± 91.4

94.9 ± 31.5

89.1 ± 39.6

0.39

0.08

 Dyspnea

115.4 ± 52.0

103.8 ± 38.6

98.2 ± 35.6

75.6 ± 27.1

0.19

0.02

 Energy

100.0 ± 73.6

111.5 ± 58.3

114.1 ± 59.3

84.6 ± 26.8

0.33

0.11

 Total score

94.5 ± 23.8

98.7 ± 30.1

97.8 ± 22.1

77.7 ± 18.8

0.39

0.02

SpO2

96.8 ± 6.7

98.9 ± 5.1

101.1 ± 5.5

105.2 ± 9.0

0.04

0.04

Hemogram

 Hemoglobin

101.6 ± 5.8

98.6 ± 5.5

96.0 ± 12.4

98.5 ± 7.5

0.15

0.48

 Leukocytes

116.0 ± 17.8

103.9 ± 23.2

101.1 ± 41.7

100.5 ± 43.9

0.20

0.42

 Neutrophils

121.7 ± 28.9

107.0 ± 36.0

107.9 ± 76.4

103.5 ± 66.9

0.33

0.45

 Platelets

98.1 ± 20.4

94.9 ± 17.0

92.3 ± 23.6

92.5 ± 17.3

0.31

0.39

Spirometry

 FVC

93.2 ± 12.9

100.6 ± 35.3

96.3 ± 19.7

104.1 ± 14.8

0.33

0.38

 FEV1

89.7 ± 13.0

91.4 ± 14.6

102.9 ± 19.3

109.7 ± 22.9

0.03

0.006

 FEV1/FVC

95.9 ± 3.1

94.9 ± 15.1

108.8 ± 20.4

105.2 ± 10.6

0.02

0.02

Serum biomarkers

 MPO

81.1 ± 454.5

51.2 ± 581.8

154.3 ± 465.4

36.6 ± 496.1

0.15

0.35

 IL-1

156.3 ± 335.6

92.2 ± 404.2

86.4 ± 398.8

68.6 ± 420.6

0.035

0.26

 IL-2c

–

–

–

–

–

–

 IL-4

199.1 ± 428.7

140.3 ± 500.5

70.2 ± 467.2

197.9 ± 416.0

0.042

0.29

 IL-5c

–

–

–

–

–

–

 IL-6

409.4 ± 407.8

168.1 ± 460.9

275.3 ± 453.7

102.0 ± 482.6

0.23

0.22

 IL-7

142.6 ± 393.2

120.7 ± 376.5

90.9 ± 382.4

108.5 ± 345.5

0.12

0.35

 IL-8

101.0 ± 411.0

58.0 ± 450.0

188.6 ± 480.7

71.4 ± 596.0

0.14

0.40

 IL-10c‡

–

–

–

–

–

–

 IL-12

284.7 ± 553.7

182.1 ± 488.4

114.0 ± 560.9

209.1 ± 418.8

0.16

0.41

 IL-13

206.8 ± 475.4

156.8 ± 459.3

55.8 ± 465.7

87.9 ± 442.1

0.028

0.16

 IL-17 ‡

–

–

–

–

–

–

 G-CSF

262.9 ± 436.8

168.7 ± 473.6

188.8 ± 421.2

83.6 ± 429.1

0.26

0.12

 GM-CSFc

–

–

–

–

–

–

 IFN-γ

276.3 ± 481.1

231.1 ± 534.1

112.0 ± 393.9

212.4 ± 450.0

0.058

0.45

 MCP-1

144.9 ± 373.0

111.5 ± 368.5

115.6 ± 376.0

82.5 ± 381.3

0.24

0.18

 MIP-1β

157.8 ± 399.4

86.9 ± 374.5

143.6 ± 412.4

107.9 ± 416.6

0.41

0.30

 TNF-α

460.6 ± 458.3

159.8 ± 519.4

162.0 ± 736.1

40.7 ± 564.3

0.15

0.061

Sputum biomarkers

 MPO

99.5 ± 457.7

116.7 ± 470.4

229.1 ± 571.8

134.7 ± 498.3

0.11

0.41

 IL-1

275.4 ± 490.8

97.7 ± 450.4

160.7 ± 492.4

80.9 ± 428.9

0.17

0.35

 IL-2

155.8 ± 411.7

93.9 ± 441.6

93.0 ± 436.3

105.5 ± 363.0

0.077

0.38

 IL-4

138.7 ± 377.4

112.8 ± 387.1

117.1 ± 415.4

96.4 ± 335.2

0.26

0.22

 IL-5

107.9 ± 499.7

135.0 ± 509.5

108.1 ± 618.7

177.7 ± 459.8

0.50

0.33

 IL-6

147.2 ± 398.2

149.3 ± 402.3

77.0 ± 435.1

100.0 ± 350.6

0.031

0.068

 IL-7

104.3 ± 395.0

137.6 ± 420.2

70.4 ± 410.1

115.1 ± 365.0

0.083

0.30

 IL-8

97.1 ± 372.6

113.3 ± 411.3

136.8 ± 491.7

82.7 ± 510.8

0.21

0.28

 IL-10

115.6 ± 361.3

101.7 ± 403.3

92.7 ± 425.1

113.5 ± 364.6

0.20

0.35

 IL-12

118.3 ± 421.0

116.9 ± 442.2

82.4 ± 408.3

147.0 ± 418.2

0.13

0.30

 IL-13

135.6 ± 445.1

124.6 ± 422.3

66.5 ± 445.4

145.5 ± 412.1

0.051

0.35

 IL-17

137.3 ± 364.4

130.0 ± 400.8

121.0 ± 417.1

117.0 ± 329.8

0.30

0.32

 G-CSF

135.7 ± 396.7

146.8 ± 419.6

89.5 ± 413.9

82.8 ± 359.9

0.079

0.040

 GM-CSF

116.9 ± 342.9

82.7 ± 369.4

85.1 ± 376.5

88.3 ± 324.3

0.007

0.32

 IFN-γ

139.6 ± 386.6

116.1 ± 392.3

125.8 ± 436.2

105.9 ± 348.6

0.37

0.35

 MCP-1

96.5 ± 348.6

182.3 ± 528.6

118.4 ± 448.2

101.0 ± 352.0

0.25

0.14

 MIP-1β

89.1 ± 359.3

125.2 ± 437.9

152.2 ± 447.9

93.3 ± 398.6

0.047

0.24

 TNF-α

133.0 ± 408.1

143.5 ± 457.1

180.3 ± 547.5

109.9 ± 385.7

0.29

0.27

  1. Data correspond to arithmetic (clinical and spirometric variables) or geometric (serum and sputum biomarkers) mean ± standard deviation of the percentage of baseline
  2. Bold font was used to highlight statistically significant differences
  3. a p from unpaired (for serum and sputum biomarkers, n = 9–12 per group) or paired (for the remaining variables, n = 13) Student’s t-test comparing Glycine vs Placebo periods
  4. bEach item was originally answered in a 5-options Likert scale, ranging from 1 (better) to 5 (worse)
  5. cEliminated from the analysis due to the large amount of samples (>60%) below the lower limit of detection
  6. FEV 1 forced expiratory volume at first second, FVC forced vital capacity, G-CSF granulocyte colony stimulating factor, GM-CSF granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor, IFN-γ interferon gamma, IL interleukin, MCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein 1, MIP-1β macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, MPO myeloperoxidase, SpO 2 peripheral blood oxygen saturation, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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